[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-424223-105":59,"doc-detail-424223-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","producers-and-parasites","Producers and parasites","","Producers and parasites is a work introducing Marxist working-class economics through a discussion of wages and money. It contrasts the historical role of wage-workers in American development with modern dominance, then explains wages as nominal, real, and relative. Nominal wage is presented as the money amount received; real wage as the goods and services that money can purchase; and relative wage as the worker’s real value compared with the value produced. The text then turns to the nature of money as a medium of exchange and frames labor-power as a commodity transformed into value for the employer.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/producers-and-parasites/424223/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/producers-and-parasites/424223.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"jay","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are the three kinds of wages discussed in the text?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The text classifies wages as nominal, real, and relative. Each corresponds to different aspects: the money amount received, what that money can buy, and the worker’s value compared with what the worker produces.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does the text mean by nominal wage?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Nominal wage is the wage in name—the sum of money the worker receives in the pay envelope, such as forty dollars or twenty dollars wages.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the text define money in relation to exchange and commodities?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Money is described as the medium of exchange. It enables owners of commodities to trade what they have for what they require, and the discussion connects this to the treatment of labor-power as a commodity and a use-value for the employer.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},424223,1791503985,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747858866,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","97-84231-5Keracher,John  \n# Producers and parasites\n\nChicago  \n[19--]  \n## COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIESPRESERVATION DIVISION\n\nBIBLIOGRAPHIC MICROFORM TARGET  \nORIGINAL MATERIAL AS FILMED-EXISTING BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD  \n### RESTRICTIONS ON USE:\n\n Reproductions may not be made without permission from Columbia University Libraries.              \n## TECHNICAL MICROFORM DATA\n\nFILM SIZE:            5mmREDUCTION BATIO:            9:1  \nMAGE PLACEMENT:IA  \nDATE FILMED:                    11.4.97INITIALS:          那  \nTRACKING\\#:                                                                                              27035  \nFILMED BY PRESERVATION RESOURCES,BETHLEHEM,PA.  \n## BIBLIOGRAPHIC IRREGULARITIES\n\nMAIN ENTRY:Keracher,Joh…              …       ………  \n-   --Producers and parasites…   …     ……………-………    ………              ………                  …  \nBibliographic Irregularities in the Original Document:  \nList all volumes and pages affected;include name of institution if filming borrowed text.  \n   Page(s)missing/not available:_  \n                             \n   Vo ume(s)missing/not available:_                            \n  Illegible and/or damaged page(s):  \n                            \n   Page(s)or volume(s)misnumbered:                           \n   Bound out of sequence:                                \nXUniversity of IIlinois at ChicagoPage(s)or volume(s)filmed from copy borrowed from:                              (Cover to page 11)  \n\n| Othier:   |\n| --- |\n|  |\n\n   Inserted material:                                          \nFILMED IN WHOLEOR PART FROMACOPY BORROWEDFROM:UNIVERSITY OF  \nILLINOIS AT CHICAGO  \n## PRODUCERS ANDPARASITES\n\nBYJOHN KERACHER  \n!  \n!  \nE.  \n养  \n1-1  \n90  \n:  \nCHICAGOCHARLES H.KERR击COMPANY  \nC0-0PERATIYE  \nPRODUCERS AND PARASITES  \n·In the colonial period of American development,the least numerous class was the wage-workers.There were merchants.There were slave-ownersand slaves.There were frontiersmen—hardy fish-er-men,trappers and hunters.And just as thesmall farmers were then the largest section ofthe population,the wage-workers were the smallestclass.What few wage-workers there were workedfor the merchants and small manufacturers.Theyalso worked for other small employers of labor,such as the owners of carpenter shops,blacksmithshops,builders and so on.  \nToday the vast majority of the adult populationare wage-workers.Yet there are few wage-workerswho really understand what wages are.For in-stance,how many wage-earners understand thatthere are three kinds of wages;that the paymentsfor their services,their wages,have a three-foldcharacter?  \nIn working-class economics we classify wages asnominal,real and relative.It is not so difficult tounderstand these forms of the wage,yet those whodo not grasp their significance do not understandwages.  \nFirst—The nominal means the wage in·name.Let us say for example,forty dollars wages ortwenty dollars wages.That is to say the amountof money the worker receives in the pay envelope.  \nSecond—The real wage is simply those thingsthat·the money wage will buy.You do not workfor money in itself but for what it will bring you.Money will not keep you warm and dry in thewinter time.You can not eat it.It is food,shelter,clothing,etc.,that constitutes the real wage.  \nThird—There is the relative wage,which meansthe real value which the worker receives in relationto the value he produces.  \nPerhaps you have never before heard of thesethree forms of the wage.It is a great advantagefor workers to understand this important matter.One of the reasons why wages are such a mysteryis because there is so much confusion about thefunction of money.  \nHere is where you may smile and say\"Why一money!The idea.Everybody knows what moneyis!Money is money of course!It is the currencyof the nation with which you can buy things.”Verysimple,is it not?  \nMoney is a great mystery.Those who have themost of it usually know the least about it.HenryFord,the world's richest man,has some very uto-pian noti","cbCailurIrXYMyl2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailurIrXYMyl2","pdf",1926283,25,"English","# Producers and parasites\n## Producers and Parasites\n## What is Money?","[{\"question\":\"What are the three kinds of wages discussed in the text?\",\"answer\":\"The text classifies wages as nominal, real, and relative. Each corresponds to different aspects: the money amount received, what that money can buy, and the worker’s value compared with what the worker produces.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the text mean by nominal wage?\",\"answer\":\"Nominal wage is the wage in name—the sum of money the worker receives in the pay envelope, such as forty dollars or twenty dollars wages.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the text define money in relation to exchange and commodities?\",\"answer\":\"Money is described as the medium of exchange. It enables owners of commodities to trade what they have for what they require, and the discussion connects this to the treatment of labor-power as a commodity and a use-value for the employer.\"}]","Producers and parasites | PDF",1790633418,39]