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Severity depends on associated involvement, including ocular and nasal abnormalities, cleft lip/palate, and intracranial anomalies. A 4-month-old infant presented with a 3-cm tubular lesion from the right medial canthus with intermittent cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Initial misdiagnosis led to multiple referrals before CT-confirmed frontal lobe herniation through a bony defect, followed by excision and repair.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/proboscis-lateralis-with-trans-ethmoidal-meningocele-and-congenital-nostril-hypoplasia-a-case-report-and-literature-review/451825/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/proboscis-lateralis-with-trans-ethmoidal-meningocele-and-congenital-nostril-hypoplasia-a-case-report-and-literature-review/451825.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aran","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is proboscis lateralis and why does its severity vary?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Proboscis lateralis is a rare craniofacial malformation characterized by a rudimentary tubular nasal appendage. 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BMC Pediatrics (2026) 26:12 [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-06355-4](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-06355-4)  \nBMC Pediatrics  \nCASE REPORT Open Access  \nProboscis lateralis with trans-ethmoidal   meningocele and congenital nostril  \nhypoplasia: a case report and literature review  \nTuryalai Hakimi 1*, Khalid Mohammad Qasem2 and Mohammad Anwar Jawed 1  \nAbstract  \nProboscis lateralis is an uncommon craniofacial malformation characterized by the presence of a rudimentary tubular nasal appendage originating from the medial canthal region. The degree of severity varies according to the extent of associated structural involvement, which may include ocular and nasal abnormalities, cleft lip and/or palate, and concurrent intracranial anomalies. Multidisciplinary approach is the mainstay of definite management. We report the case of a 4-month-old infant who presented with a 3-cm tubular lesion arising from the right medial canthus. The lesion contained a central opening with intermittent cerebrospinal fluid leakage, particularly during episodes of crying or straining. The patient was initially misdiagnosed with an ophthalmic disorder and underwent multiple referrals before definitive evaluation at our unit. Computed tomography revealed herniation of a portion of the right frontal lobe through a 2 × 1 cm bony defect into the preseptal region. The lesion was excised, and the fascial defect was repaired following plastic and reconstructive surgical principles. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient was discharged in stable condition 48 h later. Corrective management of the right hypoplastic nostril was deferred until late adolescence to address potential functional or cosmetic concerns. Keywords Meningocele, Encephalocele, Trans-ethmoidal, Cosmetic, Functional  \nIntroduction  \nProboscis lateralis (PL), first described by Forster in 1861, represents a rare congenital facial malformation attributed to incomplete nasal development during embryogenesis. The reported incidence of PL is fewer than one case per 100,000 live births [1], with a noted male predominance at a ratio of approximately 3:1 [2]. The underlying cause of this sex-related disparity has yet to be elucidated. It is characterized by a rudimentary, tubular  \n*Correspondence:  \nTuryalai Hakimi  \n[dr.turyalaihakimi@gmail.com](dr.turyalaihakimi@gmail.com)  \n1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kabul University of Medical Science, Maiwand Teaching Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan  \n2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kabul University of Medical Science, Ali Abad Teaching Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan  \nprojection composed of skin and soft tissue extending from the facial surface. The medial canthus of the eye is the most frequently documented site of attachment; however, in uncommon instances, the proboscis mayarise from other regions, including the lateral canthus, lateral supraorbital ridge, mid-upper eyelid, midline of the nasal root, or even the chin [3, 4]. The various localization points of proboscis lateralis correspond to the embryonic fusion line between the anterior maxillary process and the frontonasal process: Level 1 – supramedial canthal region; Level 2 – medial canthal region; Level 3 – inframedial canthal region; and Level 4 – supranostril region [5].  \nPL typically manifests unilaterally, though bilateral presentations have also been described [4]. While isolated cases occur, the condition is often associated with  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this articl","cbCaistcRVCu1Vbv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaistcRVCu1Vbv","pdf",924247,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Case presentation","[{\"question\":\"What is proboscis lateralis and why does its severity vary?\",\"answer\":\"Proboscis lateralis is a rare craniofacial malformation characterized by a rudimentary tubular nasal appendage. Severity varies based on the extent of associated structural involvement, including ocular/nasal abnormalities and potential intracranial anomalies.\"},{\"question\":\"How did the 4-month-old patient present in the case report?\",\"answer\":\"The infant presented with a 3-cm tubular lesion arising from the right medial canthus and right nostril hypoplasia. The lesion contained a central opening with intermittent cerebrospinal fluid leakage, especially during crying or straining.\"},{\"question\":\"What did computed tomography show and what treatment was performed?\",\"answer\":\"Computed tomography revealed herniation of a portion of the right frontal lobe through a 2 × 1 cm bony defect into the preseptal region. The lesion was excised and the fascial defect was repaired using plastic and reconstructive surgical principles, followed by an uneventful recovery.\"}]","Proboscis lateralis with trans-ethmoidal meningocele and congenital nostril hypoplasia - a case report and literature review | PDF",1790735994]