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This mixed-methods study identifies the most challenging sub-skills for learners and the factors behind their reading difficulties in a TOEFL prediction test. Data were gathered through tests and semi-structured interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Vocabulary ranked highest in errors (25%), followed by unstated detail (20%) and stated detail (18%); interviews indicated limited vocabulary, slow reading, and lack of strategy as key causes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/problems-in-reading-comprehension-of-toefl-prediction-test/495087/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/problems-in-reading-comprehension-of-toefl-prediction-test/495087.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Melati","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-10-02",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What sub-skills were identified as most challenging in TOEFL reading comprehension?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The study found the most challenging problems were vocabulary (25%), unstated detail questions (20%), stated detail questions (18%), pronoun referent questions (15%), inference questions (12%), and main idea questions (10%).","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How was the research conducted to investigate students’ difficulties?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It used a mixed-methods design, collecting test data and semi-structured interview data. Analysis applied descriptive statistics and qualitative steps including data reduction and data display before drawing conclusions.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What factors affected students’ difficulty answering the TOEFL reading section?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Interview results highlighted lack of vocabulary, slow reading, and lack of strategy as the main factors affecting students’ difficulty.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},495087,1791047776,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962085570644,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Problems in Reading Comprehension of TOEFL Prediction Test  \n [https://doi.org/10.31004/jele.v7i2.310](https://doi.org/10.31004/jele.v7i2.310)  \n􀀍 Yuliana Friska abcde  \nUniversitas Pamulang  \nA B S T R A C T  \nTOEFL is a standardized test that has been used as requirement to graduate from university. However, students frequently struggle to pass the TOEFL reading test. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify (1) which sub-skills were the most challenging for students in reading comprehension and (2) factors affecting the students’difficulty in answering the reading comprehension section of the TOEFL test. This study used a mixed-methods design in which data were collected using tests and semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed through descriptive statistic, data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The test results showed that the most challenging problems in reading comprehension were vocabulary (25 %), unstated detail question (20%), stated detail question (18%), pronoun referent question (15%), inference question (12%), and main idea question (10%) . Moreover, the interview results revealed that lack of vocabulary, slow reading, and lack of strategy were factors affecting students’ difficulty. Therefore, TOEFL teachers and trainers are strongly advised to devote more time to prepare for the topics with the highest percentage of errors.  \n Keywords: TOEFL prediction test, reading comprehension, sub-skills  Article History:  \nReceived 05th December 2022 Accepted 21st December 2022 Published 31st December 2022  \nINTRODUCTION  \nThe Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) has been rapidly expanding and widely used in higher education, including the introduction of TOEFL into curricula and the use of TOEFL scores as college admissions or degrees, necessitates further discussion. It is Improving English for Foreigners Learners understand and overcome difficulties in answering tests.“The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL)” is a test administered to measure the English proficiency of non-native speakers (Andrade et al., 2014) . In addition, Abboud and Hussein report that \"more than 5,000 colleges, universities and licensing institutions in 90 countries accept TOEFL scores.\" The international growth of English and English proficiency exams like the TOEFL have become a part of the globalization phenomena in the context of Asia (Abboud & Hussein, 2011) . This has led to English becoming more widely used and seen as an emerging 'Asian language' (Kirkpatrick, 2011) . From the illustration above, mastering TOEFL shows learners good knowledge of English and also open a great way for them to study abroad or further study in Indonesia. Each university has its own minimum score to be passed.  \nA TOEFL test can be used to assess a foreign language learner's capacity for reading comprehension. A standardized test called the TOEFL, or “Test of English as a Foreign Language”, is used to assess a non-native speaker's proficiency in the language. To apply for  \n* Corresponding Author: Yuliana Friska, [e-mail:](e-mail: dosen01381@unpam.ac.id)[ ](e-mail: dosen01381@unpam.ac.id)[dosen01381@unpam.ac.id](e-mail: dosen01381@unpam.ac.id)  \nAuthors’Contribution: a-Study design; b-Data collection; c-Statistical analysis; d-Manuscript preparation; eFunds collection.  \nscholarships to continue studying in English-speaking nations, TOEFL is now required. To apply for a job opportunity, TOEFL is also required. Since so many domestic universities now employ the TOEFL as a graduation requirement, the use of this standardized test has increased.  \nMost universities, particularly in Indonesia, use the TOEFL Prediction Test, also known as the TOEFL-Equivalent, which has a format identical to the TOEFL ITP (Mahmud, 2014) . Universities provide TOEFL Prediction at a lower cost than TOEFL ITP, and it is solely utilized on campus for things like entrance, scholarships, and graduation. Even though the TOEFL forecast is only used local","cbCaioeEFyi20o2x","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioeEFyi20o2x","pdf",414990,"English","# Introduction\n## TOEFL and its use in higher education\n## TOEFL Prediction Test in Indonesian universities\n## Reading comprehension as a key skill\n## Research problem and context","[{\"question\":\"What sub-skills were identified as most challenging in TOEFL reading comprehension?\",\"answer\":\"The study found the most challenging problems were vocabulary (25%), unstated detail questions (20%), stated detail questions (18%), pronoun referent questions (15%), inference questions (12%), and main idea questions (10%).\"},{\"question\":\"How was the research conducted to investigate students’ difficulties?\",\"answer\":\"It used a mixed-methods design, collecting test data and semi-structured interview data. Analysis applied descriptive statistics and qualitative steps including data reduction and data display before drawing conclusions.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors affected students’ difficulty answering the TOEFL reading section?\",\"answer\":\"Interview results highlighted lack of vocabulary, slow reading, and lack of strategy as the main factors affecting students’ difficulty.\"}]","Problems in Reading Comprehension of TOEFL Prediction Test | PDF",1790903453,23]