[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-466986-105":59,"doc-detail-466986-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","probiotics-at-the-frontline-editorial-redefining-therapeutic-possibilities","Probiotics at the Frontline - Editorial - Redefining Therapeutic Possibilities","","Advances in microbiome research underscore probiotics and related groups—postbiotics and psychobiotics—as key tools for restoring disturbed microbial diversity and supporting human health. The editorial introduces a Special Issue that compiles experimental studies, randomized clinical trials on psychobiotics for depression and pain, and reviews synthesizing current evidence. It summarizes findings including strain-specific immunomodulation in gastrointestinal and airway contexts, cold-symptom relief via defined probiotic regimens, and inactivation-based anti-inflammatory mechanisms, while highlighting emerging metabolic and gastrointestinal applications.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/probiotics-at-the-frontline-editorial-redefining-therapeutic-possibilities/466986/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/probiotics-at-the-frontline-editorial-redefining-therapeutic-possibilities/466986.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Blitz","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What role do probiotics and related groups play in the editorial’s overview of the microbiome?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"They are presented as supporting the restoration of disturbed microbial diversity and contributing to therapeutic possibilities, including through postbiotics and psychobiotics with psychotropic potential.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What kinds of contributions does the Special Issue include?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It brings together twelve contributions: seven experimental studies, two randomized clinical trials focused on psychobiotics for depression and pain, and three reviews that synthesize existing evidence.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What evidence is discussed for using probiotic strains in airway inflammation?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"In vitro studies on inflamed airway epithelial cells show that viable probiotics, and postbiotic effects, can reduce pulmonary inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB and COX-2 pathways, with the possibility of targeted inhalation in respiratory diseases.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},466986,1791156528,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},24464137899374,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Editorial  \nProbiotics at the Frontline: Redefining Therapeutic Possibilities  \nGeorge Stavrou 1, Alexandra-Eleftheria Menni 2 and Katerina Kotzampassi 2, *  \nReceived: 2 December 2025  \nAccepted: 16 December 2025  \nPublished: 23 December 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 Department of Surgery, 417 NIMTS (Army Share Fund Hospital), 11521 Athens, Greece; [stavgd@gmail.com](stavgd@gmail.com)  \n2 Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; [alexmenn@auth.gr](alexmenn@auth.gr)  \n* Correspondence: [kakothe@yahoo.com](kakothe@yahoo.com)  \nRecently, advances in microbiome research have emphasized the fundamental role of probiotics—in addition to their inanimate form, postbiotics, and psychobiotics, a rapidly expanding group of probiotics with psychotropic potential [1–3]—in restoring disturbed microbial diversity in the human body [4–11] . Much progress has been made through experimental studies in cell cultures or animal models [12,13], enabling the investigation of underlying mechanisms in controlled biological settings [14] beyond the gastrointestinal tract and the maintenance of the intestinal barrier; these setting include renal and respiratory physiology and function [15,16], bone and dental integrity [17,18], immune enhancement [10], and even modulation of psychiatric and neurobehavioral disorders [19] . This expansion of focus beyond the gut reflects a transformative shift in our understanding of host–microbe interactions and opens promising paths for future therapeutic strategies.  \nIn this context, the current Special Issue,“Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Postbiotics on Human Health (2nd Edition),” brings together a collection of twelve contributions that cooperatively advance our understanding of these rapidly evolving topics. The Special Issue includes seven experimental studies that offer mechanistic or exploratory insights, two original articles—randomized clinical trials—focusing on psychobiotics and their impact on depression and pain, and three reviews that synthesize existing evidence; all of these will be summarized below, illustrating both the depth and the extent of current research in microbiome-directed interventions.  \nVera et al. [20] highlighted the immunomodulatory properties of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MPL 16 and CRL 1506 strains, enabling protection against opportunistic gastrointestinal tract infections. Using malnourished mice subjected to gentamicin treatment and then challenged orally with E. faecalis, a 7-day renourishment with a balanced conventional diet plus the L. plantarum strains was found to accelerate immune recovery and improve resistance to infection by modulating systemic and gut cytokine profiles in relation to only diet-receiving mice. Furthermore, in an in vitro model of airway inflammation, lung carcinoma epithelial cells (A549) and normal bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE), after becoming inflamed by IL-1β stimulation, were treated with viable or heat-treated Ligilactobacillus salivarius (LS01 DSM 22775) and Bifidobacterium breve (B632 DSM 24706) . Both live probiotic strains—or as postbiotics—demonstrate positive results by significantly decreasing pulmonary inflammation through the inhibition of NF-κB and COX-2 pathways. The authors [21] suggest their potential for targeting airway inflammation directly by means of inhalation in respiratory diseases. Regarding healthy individuals, a probiotic regime of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PBS067 (DSM24937), Lactobacillus acidophilus PBS066 [DSM24936], and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BL050 [DSM 25566] or an identical placebo given as a preventive measure for cold symptom relief and immune response enhancement fora 12-week period, from December through April, was found to effectively alleviate co","cbCaipCf5843Iq6j","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipCf5843Iq6j","pdf",172756,"English","# Editorial\n## Probiotics, postbiotics, and psychobiotics in microbiome research\n## Scope of the Special Issue and study types\n## Evidence highlights: immune and respiratory effects\n## Evidence highlights: systemic inflammation and preventive outcomes\n## Metabolic and gastrointestinal disorder applications\n## Outlook for future research and clinical trials","[{\"question\":\"What role do probiotics and related groups play in the editorial’s overview of the microbiome?\",\"answer\":\"They are presented as supporting the restoration of disturbed microbial diversity and contributing to therapeutic possibilities, including through postbiotics and psychobiotics with psychotropic potential.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of contributions does the Special Issue include?\",\"answer\":\"It brings together twelve contributions: seven experimental studies, two randomized clinical trials focused on psychobiotics for depression and pain, and three reviews that synthesize existing evidence.\"},{\"question\":\"What evidence is discussed for using probiotic strains in airway inflammation?\",\"answer\":\"In vitro studies on inflamed airway epithelial cells show that viable probiotics, and postbiotic effects, can reduce pulmonary inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB and COX-2 pathways, with the possibility of targeted inhalation in respiratory diseases.\"}]","Probiotics at the Frontline - Editorial - Redefining Therapeutic Possibilities | PDF",1790772151,13]