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It reviews changing discourse and organisation of the state sector, the increasing use of private-sector models in employment, and how these changes affected universities and academic work. The paper contrasts higher education autonomy claims with growing commonwealth direction, industrial relations regulation, and the move toward minimum rates awards that undermined the “sui generis” concept of academic labour.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/privatising-state-workers-the-case-of-academics-read-online-free/595316/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/privatising-state-workers-the-case-of-academics-read-online-free/595316.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Blitz","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What broader policy context does the paper use to explain changes in higher education?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It places higher education changes within a shifting discourse about the state sector and state employment, linked to structural adjustment ideas associated with the OECD.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How has funding for higher education in Australia changed since the 1950s and 1970s?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Higher education has largely relied on government funds; states played a significant but decreasing funding role until the 1970s, after which the Commonwealth provided most capital and recurrent funds from 1974.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why is the concept of “sui generis” academic work important in the paper, and how is it challenged?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The paper describes how academics preferred to treat academic work as sui generis, not directly tied to private-sector labour markets, and framed work as not primarily industrially conflictual. It is challenged by industrial regulation and the redesignation of academic salaries as minimum rates awards.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},595316,1792905607,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":19,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":52,"preview_page_count":4},24464137899374,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","appointment of John Dawkins to the  \nportfolio of Employment,Education and  \nTraining,marked the beginning of a great  \nperiod of turmoil in education generally and  \nhigher education in particular.These  \nchanges,as with a number of initiatives in  \nother policy areas,were further evidence  \nthat the Labor Government had adopted,as a  \ncentral organising principle of public policy,  \nthe Organisation of Economic Co-operation  \nand Development (OECD)notion of  \nstructural adjustment(OECD,1987).  \nMuch of the discussion about changes in  \nhigher education have focused on specific  \nissues such as the establishment of a unified  \nnational system of higher education  \ninstitutions,research funding and the  \nrelationship between institutions and the  \nCommonwealth Government and the  \nchanges in management-labour relations  \nwithin institutions (e.g.Australian  \nUniversities Review,1988;Academy of  \nSocial Sciences,1988;Harman and Meek,  \n1988;Junor and O'Brien,1989).To  \nunderstand the deeper significance of these  \nissues,it is therefore appropriate to locate  \nthese changes within the context of a shifting  \ndiscourse about,and organisation of,the  \nstate sector in general and state employment,  \nin particular.This paper,then,will review  \nthe changes in the discourse about,and  \norganisation of,the state,the mobilisation of  \nprivate sector models in state employment  \nand to what extent thesc changes are  \nreflected in the higher education sector.  \nSince the 1950s,higher education in  \nAustralia and elsewhere,has become an  \nactivity which has been largely sustained by  \nfunds from government.Until the 1970s the  \nstates played a significant,but decreasing  \nrole,in the funding of higher education,but  \nsince 1974 the Commonwealth Government  \nhas provided most of the capital and  \nrecurrent funds for the sector.This has  \nprovided strong legitimacy for the claim,  \nmade increasingly by government,that  \nhigher education cannot expect to function  \nwithout a considerable degree of state  \ndirection and supervision.As the provider of  \n*This paper was first presented to the Annual  \nConferencc of the Australian Sociological  \nAssociation,La Trobe University,8-12  \nDecember 1989.  \nPage 30  \nPrivatising state workers:The case of academics*  \nJohn 0'Brien  \nUniversity of Canberra  \nfunds,moreover,the Commonwealth has a  \nThe re-election of the Hawke Labor  \ngrowing interest in industrial relations in the  \nGovernment in July 1987 and the  \nsector.The Commonwealth,for instance,  \nwas directly involved in negotiations arising  \nfrom the second tier wage guidelines in 1987  \nand 1988 and the inplementation of the  \nstructural efficiency principle through award  \nrestrueturing in 1989 and into 1990.  \nFor the most part,however,staff in the  \nhigher education sector are not direct  \nemployees of government.Indeed a part of  \nthe claim that institutions are autonomous  \nresides in the fact that their labour is  \nemployed by cach institution,not by the  \nstate,In addition,working conditions ofacademic staff,although not of non  \nacademic staff,have been largely  \ndetcrmined by a process of custom and  \npractice,for the most part,evolved at the  \nlevel of the “enterprise”.  \nOnly since 1986 have both salaries and  \nworking conditions of academics been  \nsubject to determination by federal industrial  \ntribunals,although such bodies in the  \nvarious states have played some rolc sincethe 1950s.Ironically the centralised  \nindustrial regulation of academic work has  \nproceeded against the background of  \ngrowing demands for more bargaining at the  \nenterprise level(e.g.Niland,1989;Business  \nCouncil of Australia,1989).  \nThe higher education sector,particularly  \nthe universities,was concerned to assert its  \nautonomy both in educational and  \neinployment terms from the state.It was  \nwary,however,of adopting models of work  \norganisation and employment derived  \nexplicitly from the private sector.The key  \nmanifestation of this preferenc","cbCaimEDYpBaIqMx","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimEDYpBaIqMx","pdf",494202,"English","# Context: state sector restructuring and higher education change\n## Funding shifts and governance direction\n## Industrial relations and the “sui generis” concept\n## Autonomy debates and management-labour relations\n# Case focus: minimum rates awards and academic work","[{\"question\":\"What broader policy context does the paper use to explain changes in higher education?\",\"answer\":\"It places higher education changes within a shifting discourse about the state sector and state employment, linked to structural adjustment ideas associated with the OECD.\"},{\"question\":\"How has funding for higher education in Australia changed since the 1950s and 1970s?\",\"answer\":\"Higher education has largely relied on government funds; states played a significant but decreasing funding role until the 1970s, after which the Commonwealth provided most capital and recurrent funds from 1974.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is the concept of “sui generis” academic work important in the paper, and how is it challenged?\",\"answer\":\"The paper describes how academics preferred to treat academic work as sui generis, not directly tied to private-sector labour markets, and framed work as not primarily industrially conflictual. It is challenged by industrial regulation and the redesignation of academic salaries as minimum rates awards.\"}]","Privatising state workers - The case of academics - read online free | PDF",1792080879]