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It covers preflight decision making (runway lengths, weather, fuel, alternates), weather briefings and major aviation terms, personal readiness checks (I’M SAFE), PIC and passenger requirements, and essential airplane and flight knowledge including AOA, stalls, spins, performance, systems, cockpit procedures, emergencies, and basic airspace concepts.","Private Pilot Airplane Aeronautical Knowledge Review  \nby Frank Phillips, Jr.  \n“It’s a beautiful day! Let’s go fly!”  \nHow many times have you heard or said these words? Before you go, here’s a refresher list of things you should remember from your student pilot days. It’s also a good reminder of the many facts needed to pass the private pilot-airplane practical test.  \nRemember, for any flight, determine runway lengths, weather, fuel, and alternate courses of action.  \nWEATHER  \nBRIEFING Call 1-800-WXBRIEF, give aircraft number,  \nroute, etc. Request NOTAM’s.  \nTERMS Airmet: Issued for moderate icing and turbu  \nlence, winds 30+ knots, visibility less than 3 miles, ceilings below 1,000’  \nSigmet: Issued for all aircraft for  \nsevere/extreme turbulence, icing, obstructions to visibility  \nConvective Sigmet: Issued for tornadoes, lines of thunderstorms; embedded thunderstorms; hail 3/4”+  \nCeilings: Height AGL of lowest reported layer of clouds (broken, obscuration, or overcast) Cumulonimbus: Clouds with the greatest turbulence—avoid by 20 NM.  \nDewpoint: Temperature at which visible moisture forms  \nFog:  \nAdvection or upslope fog depends on wind to form.  \nRadiation fog forms when warm, moist air flows over low, flat land on clear, calm nights.  \nFront: Boundary between two air masses, indicated by a wind shift.  \nWarm Front: Temperature inversions (goes up with altitude); poor visibility; smooth/stable air; stratiform clouds; drizzle; fog (from evaporation)  \nCold Front: Temperature goes down with altitude; good visibility; turbulence/unstable air; cumuliform clouds  \nStructural Icing: forms in freezing rain  \nThunderstorms: lifting, moist, unstable air and lightning (always); develop/cumulous  \nstage = updrafts; mature stage = rain; dissipating = downdrafts  \nSquall Line Thunderstorms: narrow band of thunderstorms, most intense hazard to aircraft  \nWinds: aloft reported true, in knots; on ground reported as magnetic  \nPILOT  \nI’M SAFE? Illness?  \nMedication?  \nStress?  \nAlcohol?  \nFatigue?  \nEating?  \nAlcohol: Do not fly within 8 hours of consumption;  \nwhile under the influence; with more than 0.04% BAC  \nTo act as PIC: Need pilot, medical certificates, and a flight review within 24 calendar months (WINGS Program can substitute for flight review)  \nTo carry  \npassengers: Preceding 90 days 3 takeoffs and 3 landingsin class; and for night (1 hour after/before sunset/sunrise) or tail wheel airplane must be to full stop  \nAIRPLANE AND FLIGHT  \nA R O W  \nAirplane inspections  \nAirplane  \nairworthiness  \nAirworthiness certificate Registration certificate Operating limitations Weight and Balance  \nAirplane must have annual inspection, plus 100 hour if used for hire, and AD compliance  \nOwner/operator maintains, but PIC (operator) is responsible to determine  \nJUL Y / AUGUST 2 0 0 1 15   \nAngle of  \nattack (AOA)  \nStalls  \nSpins  \nFuel (required for VFR)  \nEmergencies  \nAngle between relative wind and chord. Increase AOA, increase lift & drag. [NOTE:  \nIncreasing weight or wing loading will require additional lift]  \nCan occur at given angle of attack, at any airspeed, any attitude  \nStall speed increases with weight (higher angle of attack for more lift)  \nTurns increase stall speed (higher load factor or effective weight in turn)  \nAirplane must be stalled to spin (a spin is an aggravated stall)  \nTo intended destination with 30 minutes reserve (45 at night) at normal cruise Pilot may deviate from any rule to meet an emergency  \nPERFORMANCE Basic  \nempty weight  \nCenter of Gravity  \nDensity  \naltitude (DA)  \nPressure altitude  \nOPERATION Aircraft position lights  \nSeatbelts  \nCrosswind taxi  \nAirspeed Indicator  \nMagnetic compass  \nGround effect  \nP-factor  \nUnusable fuel plus optional equipment, found in airplane documents  \nAFT-worse stability, lower stall speed, better performance  \nFORE-better stability, higher stall speed, worse performance  \nDetermines performance; goes up with hot temperatures and low air pressure  \nSet ","cbCainOSf8S1yPtm","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainOSf8S1yPtm","pdf",131763,14,"English","en",105,"# WEATHER\n## Forecast briefing actions and aviation terms\n# PILOT\n## I’M SAFE and PIC/passenger requirements\n# AIRPLANE AND FLIGHT\n## AROW essentials and performance\n## Emergency and flight operations\n# ENVIRONMENT\n## Airspace classes and operating rules","[{\"question\":\"What should a pilot determine before any flight?\",\"answer\":\"Determine runway lengths, weather, fuel, and alternate courses of action before departing.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the differences among AIRMET, SIGMET, and Convective SIGMET?\",\"answer\":\"AIRMET addresses moderate icing and turbulence plus specific wind/visibility/ceiling thresholds; SIGMET applies to severe/extreme turbulence and icing and certain visibility obstructions; Convective SIGMET covers tornadoes, lines of thunderstorms, embedded thunderstorms, and hail 3/4\\\" or more.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the AOA (angle of attack) determine and how does it relate to lift and drag?\",\"answer\":\"AOA is the angle between relative wind and chord; increasing AOA increases lift and drag, and changes in weight/wing loading may require additional lift.\"}]","Private Pilot Airplane Aeronautical Knowledge Review | PDF",1790312498,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"ok",{"site_id":75,"language":74,"slug":83,"title":65,"keywords":84,"description":66,"schema_data":85,"social_meta":139,"head_meta":141,"extra_data":143,"updated_unix":144},"private-pilot-airplane-aeronautical-knowledge-review","",{"@graph":86,"@context":138},[87,101,121],{"@type":88,"itemListElement":89},"BreadcrumbList",[90,94,96,99],{"item":91,"name":92,"@type":93,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":95,"name":9,"@type":93,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":97,"name":20,"@type":93,"position":98},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":100,"name":65,"@type":93,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/private-pilot-airplane-aeronautical-knowledge-review/388959/",{"url":100,"name":65,"@type":102,"image":103,"author":108,"headline":65,"publisher":110,"fileFormat":113,"inLanguage":74,"description":66,"dateModified":114,"datePublished":115,"encodingFormat":113,"isAccessibleForFree":116,"interactionStatistic":117},"DigitalDocument",{"url":104,"@type":105,"width":106,"height":107},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/private-pilot-airplane-aeronautical-knowledge-review/388959.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":63,"@type":109},"Person",{"url":91,"name":111,"@type":112},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-09-25",true,{"@type":118,"interactionType":119,"userInteractionCount":72},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":120},"ViewAction",{"@type":122,"mainEntity":123},"FAQPage",[124,130,134],{"name":125,"@type":126,"acceptedAnswer":127},"What should a pilot determine before any flight?","Question",{"text":128,"@type":129},"Determine runway lengths, weather, fuel, and alternate courses of action before departing.","Answer",{"name":131,"@type":126,"acceptedAnswer":132},"What are the differences among AIRMET, SIGMET, and Convective SIGMET?",{"text":133,"@type":129},"AIRMET addresses moderate icing and turbulence plus specific wind/visibility/ceiling thresholds; 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