[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-443863-105":59,"doc-detail-443863-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","printability-of-bioinks-a-consolidated-definition-for-additive-manufacturing-review-paper","Printability of Bioinks - A Consolidated Definition for Additive Manufacturing - review paper","","Printability is a key concept widely used in bioinks for additive manufacturing, yet no universally accepted definition exists, causing inconsistent use across studies. Some equate it with shape fidelity or shape accuracy, while others include rheological properties and extrudability; in certain cases cell viability is omitted, narrowing scope. A literature review from 2011–2024 identifies thematic clusters and proposes an integrative definition covering rheology across production stages, geometry, fidelity, accuracy, and functionality, with emphasis on cell viability. The goal is to build consensus and support future bioprinting and additive manufacturing applications.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/printability-of-bioinks-a-consolidated-definition-for-additive-manufacturing-review-paper/443863/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/printability-of-bioinks-a-consolidated-definition-for-additive-manufacturing-review-paper/443863.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Alex Sinclair","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"Why is a universal definition of printability important in bioink studies?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"Because inconsistent definitions prevent meaningful comparison across studies and can lead to misinterpretation of results, especially when concepts like the biofabrication window depend on proper framing of printability.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How do different researchers define printability according to the review?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Some use printability interchangeably with shape fidelity or shape accuracy, while others incorporate multiple factors such as rheological properties and extrudability; in some cases, cell viability is not included.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What definition does the review propose for printability?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"An integrative definition that includes rheological properties across all production stages plus geometry, shape fidelity, shape accuracy, and functionality, with particular emphasis on cell viability.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},443863,1790705756,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},1099523882182,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","This article is licensed under CC-BY 4.0   \n[http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodf](http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodf)  Article   \nPrintability of Bioinks: A Consolidated Definition for Additive Manufacturing  \nMatheus A. A. Resende, * Eliana C. S. Rigo, and Andrés Vercik  \n Cite This: ACS Omega 2025, 10, 58110−58122  \nRead Online  \n\n|  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| ACCESS   | Metrics & More |  |  Article Recommendations |\n\nABSTRACT: Printability is a key concept extensively used in the context of bioinks for additive manufacturing. However, the absence of a universally accepted definition has led to inconsistencies in its application across studies. Some researchers use the term interchangeably with shape fidelity or shape accuracy, while others incorporate multiple aspects, including rheological properties and extrudability, into its definition. In some cases, the omission of cell viability further limits the scope of current research. As a result, studies that connect rheological properties to printability or employ physical and mathematical models to predict outcomes often fail to capture the complete manufacturing process due to the lack of definitional consistency. This review examines literature from 2011 to 2024, identifying key thematic clusters that contribute to a more robust understanding of printability. We propose an integrative definition that encompasses not only rheological properties across all stages of production but also geometry, shape fidelity, shape accuracy, and functionality􀀁with particular emphasis on cell viability. This broader definition aims to foster greater consensus and guide future applications of 3D printing in bioprinting and other additive manufacturing fields.  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nThree-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is gaining significant importance in the fields of engineering and materials, particularly in the creation of synthetic and natural tissues using bioinks as raw materials.1 Currently, the global bioink market is estimated to be around 1.6 billion, with a forecasted increase of up to 20% of this value by 2030.2 This trend is driven by extensive research and development in several fields, such as regenerative medicine, drug production, and the printing of food  \n3,4 components.  \nTo improve the printing process, there is a need not only to assess its quality under different conditions, materials, and applications but also to relate (understand standards parameters in the) the features of the printed object to material and process  \nparameters. A concept printability. According  \nextensively used for this purpose is to Naghieh et al. and Chen et al.5,6  \nprintability is “the capability to form and maintain reproducible 3D scaffolds from bioink using the bioprinting technique.”Several studies have addressed the issue ofpredicting printability from material and/or process parameters in various contexts, including bioprinting,5,7−10 foodprinting,11 metallic inks,12, 13 construction,14, 15 conductive hydrogels, 15 and other biomaterials.16  \nMa et al.17 used rheological data and image processing to model extrusion capabilities of complex food materials for 3D printing which can be understood as printability. Elbadawi et al.18 conducted a study on the printability of drug delivery devices, using machine learning (ML) tools to predict  \ndissolution properties based on material rheological data. Schwab et al.10 discuss the rheological aspects affecting the printability and shape fidelity of extrudable bioinks, highlighting the impact of shear thinning, viscoelasticity, and yield stress on printability. They also examine the effects of cell presence on therheological properties of bioinks. Kyle et al.1 reviewed the concept of printability, emphasizing its importance for bioprinting, particularly for cost-effective modeling and process tuning.  \nDespite these studies and others, it is evident that a general consensus among researchers in the 3D bioprinting and printing field is still","cbCailjw4Y2W0uoA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailjw4Y2W0uoA","pdf",4304302,13,"English","# Introduction\n## Need for a widely accepted definition\n## Conflicting interpretations in the literature\n## Approaches to quantifying printability","[{\"question\":\"Why is a universal definition of printability important in bioink studies?\",\"answer\":\"Because inconsistent definitions prevent meaningful comparison across studies and can lead to misinterpretation of results, especially when concepts like the biofabrication window depend on proper framing of printability.\"},{\"question\":\"How do different researchers define printability according to the review?\",\"answer\":\"Some use printability interchangeably with shape fidelity or shape accuracy, while others incorporate multiple factors such as rheological properties and extrudability; in some cases, cell viability is not included.\"},{\"question\":\"What definition does the review propose for printability?\",\"answer\":\"An integrative definition that includes rheological properties across all production stages plus geometry, shape fidelity, shape accuracy, and functionality, with particular emphasis on cell viability.\"}]","Printability of Bioinks - A Consolidated Definition for Additive Manufacturing - review paper | PDF",33]