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Using What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) standards to identify studies with rigorous designs and evidence of causal relationships, the review examines how PTM policies and practices relate to two outcomes: improved student achievement and principal retention. It outlines a continuum approach covering preparation, recruitment and selection, professional learning, performance evaluation, compensation and incentives, and emphasizes the impact of the principal working environment while identifying gaps and recommending actions for district and research stakeholders.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/principal-talent-management-according-to-the-evidence-a-review-of-the-literature-october-2016/584456/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/principal-talent-management-according-to-the-evidence-a-review-of-the-literature-october-2016/584456.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"WPS_1786070896","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-12","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What PTM components does the review focus on?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The review examines PTM across the principal career continuum, including preparation, recruitment and selection, professional learning, performance evaluation, compensation and incentives, and the influence of the working environment.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What criteria does the review use to judge study rigor?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review uses What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) standards to identify studies with rigorous research designs and evidence of causal relationships.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which outcomes are used to evaluate PTM systems and components?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review focuses on two outcomes: improved student achievement and principal retention.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},584456,1792189167,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},549768072016,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Principal Talent Management According to the Evidence:  \nA Review of the Literature  \nOCTOBER 2016  \nHoused within the George W. Bush Presidential Center, the George W. Bush Institute is an action-oriented, nonpartisan policy organization with the mission of cultivating leaders, advancing policy, and taking action to solve today’s most pressing challenges. The work is achieved through three Impact Centers – Domestic Excellence, Global Leadership, and our Engagement Agenda – by which the Bush Institute engages the greater community with its important work.  \nRooted in President and Mrs. Bush’s belief that “excellent schools must first have excellent leaders,” the George W. Bush Institute developed the Alliance to Reform Education Leadership (AREL) to transform districts’ talent management of school principals and to provide school districts with knowledge and tools to attract and retain effective principals. AREL’s mission is to help ensure there is an effective principal – able to significantly advance student achievement – at the helm of every school.  \nTo learn more about our work, [visit ](visit www.bushcenter.org)[www.bushcenter.org](visit www.bushcenter.org).  \n\n| We are grateful for the continued generous support of AT&T Foundation, Bass Foundation, CME Group Foundation, Rainwater Charitable Foundation, Sid W. Richardson Foundation, The Morris Foundation, and The Prudential Foundation. |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| American Institutes for Research was contracted to support the\u003Cbr>George W. Bush Institute’s research on education leadership. | |\n\nGeorge W. Bush Institute Project Team:  \nEva Chiang, Deputy Director of Education Reform and Evaluation and Research; Dr. Catherine Jaynes, Director of Evaluation and Research; Anne Wicks Humphrey, Director of Education Reform; Abby HoakMorton, Associate of Education Reform.  \nAmerican Institutes for Research Project Team:  \nDr. Matthew Clifford, Principal Investigator; Dana Chambers, Project Director; Mariann Lemke, Senior Advisor; Dr. Kwang Suk Yoon, Lead WWC Reviewer; Dr. Yinmei Wan, WWC Reviewer  \nWe thank our partners at Collaborative Communications who helped us improve this report. While their work greatly shaped this final document, we take full responsibility for all errors and omissions.  \nContents  \n\n| 2 Executive Summary |\n| --- |\n| 4 Introduction |\n| 7 Approach to the Review |\n| 10 Summary of Findings |\n| 12 Detailed Findings of WWC Literature Review |\n| 12 Principal Working Environment |\n| 14 Principal Preparation |\n| 18 Principal Professional Learning |\n| 21 Principal Compensation and Incentives |\n| 24 Conclusion and Recommendations |\n| 26 Endnotes |\n| 27 Appendix A. Proposed Search Terms |\n| 28 Appendix B. Summary of Studies That Were Eligible for Review but Did Not Meet Standards (With or Without Reservations) |\n| 30 Appendix C. Citations Marked Ineligible for Review Based on Initial Screening |\n| 33 Appendix D. Summary of Results |\n| 35 Appendix E. WWC Review Protocol |\n| 47 Appendix F. Detailed Findings of WWC Review |\n| 59 Appendix G. Comparison of how Every Student Success Act (ESSA) defines\u003Cbr>“evidence-based” activity, strategy, or intervention; Supplementary explanation of how What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) characterizes “credibility of evidence.” |\n| 60 Complete List of All Studies Reviewed for the Initial Eligibility Screening |\n\nExecutive Summary  \nn recognlicies anditiponrogorestimportanchat aim toofmperecvettiveheisrooapaleaityeorsaipra,cmtaany states annd retain graistrpritcsipavlseiTmoopmetenn, ted  \nthough, these policies and practices do not combine to form a coherent system that ensures effective leadership development.  \nTo be successful, these efforts require a comprehensive, systematic approach to principal talent management (PTM) that encompasses the entire continuum of a principal’s career: preparation, recruitment and selection, professional learning, performance evaluation, and compensation and incentives. A systematic approach to PTM must also acco","cbCaimCJRpcnPlKr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimCJRpcnPlKr","pdf",964332,64,"English","# Executive Summary\n## Introduction\n## Approach to the Review\n## Summary of Findings\n## Detailed Findings of WWC Literature Review\n## Conclusion and Recommendations\n## Endnotes\n## Appendix A. Proposed Search Terms\n## Appendix B. Eligible Studies Not Meeting Standards\n## Appendix C. Ineligible Studies After Initial Screening\n## Appendix D. Summary of Results\n## Appendix E. WWC Review Protocol\n## Appendix F. Detailed Findings of WWC Review\n## Appendix G. ESSA and WWC Definitions of Evidence-Based","[{\"question\":\"What PTM components does the review focus on?\",\"answer\":\"The review examines PTM across the principal career continuum, including preparation, recruitment and selection, professional learning, performance evaluation, compensation and incentives, and the influence of the working environment.\"},{\"question\":\"What criteria does the review use to judge study rigor?\",\"answer\":\"The review uses What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) standards to identify studies with rigorous research designs and evidence of causal relationships.\"},{\"question\":\"Which outcomes are used to evaluate PTM systems and components?\",\"answer\":\"The review focuses on two outcomes: improved student achievement and principal retention.\"}]","Principal Talent Management According to the Evidence - A Review of the Literature - October 2016 | PDF",1792051045,161]