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Correlational research examines how variables relate and supports prediction of possible outcomes. The sample includes 224 fourth-grade students aged 9–10 from the 2021–2022 fall semester and the 2022–2023 spring semester. Data were collected using the Happiness at School Scale for Primary School Students and the Digital Game Addiction for Children scales. Results indicate a negative, moderately significant relationship, with distance education reducing school happiness while increasing game addiction.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/primary-school-students-digital-game-addiction-and-happiness-levels-at-school/578801/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/primary-school-students-digital-game-addiction-and-happiness-levels-at-school/578801.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aria","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-19","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To examine the relationship between 4th-graders’ levels of digital game addiction and their happiness levels at school.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were data collected?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Data were collected using two scales: the Happiness at School Scale for Primary School Students and the Digital Game Addiction for Children.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What relationship did the study find between game addiction and school happiness?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"A negative, moderately significant relationship was found: higher digital game addiction was associated with lower happiness at school.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},578801,1792424260,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},2336464648322,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2200025388227c56fec?_k=1778556882303663488","[www.ijtes.net](www.ijtes.net)  \nPrimary School Students’ Digital Game Addiction and Happiness Levels at School  \nAhmet Oğuz Akçay 1 *, Şeyma Öztürk Güleç 2, Şengül Becerik Has 3  \n1 Department of Elementary and Early Childhood Education, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Türkiye ,  0000-0003-2109-976X 2 Ministry of National Education, İstanbul, Türkiye,  0000-0002-9954-8206  \n3 Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Türkiye,  0000-0002-6940-3874  \n* Corresponding author: Ahmet Oğuz Akçay ([aoguzakcay@gmail.com](aoguzakcay@gmail.com))  \n\n| Article Info | Abstract |\n| --- | --- |\n| Article History\u003Cbr>Received:\u003Cbr>20 June 2025\u003Cbr>Revised:\u003Cbr>28 November 2025\u003Cbr>Accepted:\u003Cbr>25 December 2025\u003Cbr>Published:\u003Cbr>1 January 2026 | This study aims to investigate the relationship between 4th-graders’ levels of digital game addiction and their happiness levels at school. The correlational research method is used to determine the relationships between different variables and to predict possible results. A total of 224 fourth-grade students, aged 9 and 10 years old, participated in the fall semester of 2021-2022 (the first year of the outbreak) and the spring semester of 2022-2023 (following the outbreak) . Two scales were used to collect the data: “Happiness at School Scale for Primary School Students” and “Digital Game Addiction for Children.” Descriptive statistics were used to determine the levels of digital game addiction among primary school students and their happiness levels at school. Correlational research statistics were used to investigate the relationship between the level of happiness at school and the level of digital game addiction. The results showed that a negative, moderately significant relationship was found between students’ digital game addiction levels and their happiness levels at school. Distance education has decreased children ’s happiness at school and increased their addiction to games. |\n| Keywords\u003Cbr>Digital game addiction Happiness levels at school Primary school students Outbreak |  |\n| Citation: Akçay, A. O., Öztürk Güleç, Ş ., & Becerik Has, Ş . (2026) . Primary school students ’ digital game addiction and happiness levels at school. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science (IJTES), 10(1), 38-52. [https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.5131](https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.5131) |  |\n\nISSN: 2651-5369 / © International Journal of Technology in Education and Science (IJTES) . This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license  \n([http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)).  \nIntroduction  \nGames have an important role in children ’s development. They are fun activities that help children to socialize. Başal (2007) defines games as a free activity that lacks a specific purpose emerges spontaneously, and brings happiness. A child’s cognitive, emotional, social, and physical skills are all developed through games, which area valuable tool for integrating their inner and outer social worlds. With the increasing urbanization and inadequacy of playgrounds, as well as technological advancements, interest in traditional children ’s games has begun to decline, and digital games have taken center stage.  \nTechnological advancements have led to changes in children ’s games, just as in many other areas. Games played on the streets, outdoors, with toys or various materials have evolved into digital forms with the advancement of technology. In light of this shift, Horzum (2011) characterizes games—which were previously played with friends in parks and on the streets—as virtual activities played at home or in front of computers in internet cafes. With the change, children who move away from the streets and other playgrounds are finding a place for themselves in digital playgrounds with the expansion of Internet content. This gaining a foothold brings with it the process of addiction. The extreme and addictive use of computers or ","cbCain1Qr7bSVjeu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCain1Qr7bSVjeu","pdf",330887,15,"English","# Introduction\n## Games and children’s development\n## Digital game addiction and related studies\n# School Happiness and Digital Game Addiction\n## COVID-19 impact on education and technology use","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To examine the relationship between 4th-graders’ levels of digital game addiction and their happiness levels at school.\"},{\"question\":\"How were data collected?\",\"answer\":\"Data were collected using two scales: the Happiness at School Scale for Primary School Students and the Digital Game Addiction for Children.\"},{\"question\":\"What relationship did the study find between game addiction and school happiness?\",\"answer\":\"A negative, moderately significant relationship was found: higher digital game addiction was associated with lower happiness at school.\"}]","Primary School Students’ Digital Game Addiction and Happiness Levels at School | PDF",1792034430,38]