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A 47-year-old woman developed abdominal pain two years after chemotherapy for ovarian low-grade serous carcinoma. Imaging suggested implantation metastasis, and she underwent partial ileal resection and lymphadenectomy. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed primary ileal low-grade squamous cell carcinoma. Postoperative doxorubicin/carboplatin plus anti-angiogenic therapy was sequentially adjusted to paclitaxel/carboplatin and then bevacizumab maintenance, with 30-month progression-free survival.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/primary-ileal-squamous-cell-carcinoma-a-case-report-and-review-of-literature/406815/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/primary-ileal-squamous-cell-carcinoma-a-case-report-and-review-of-literature/406815.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Alexandar","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is primary ileal squamous cell carcinoma considered paradoxical in pathology?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It arises in the ileal mucosa, which lacks native squamous epithelium under physiological conditions. The rarity contributes to diagnostic difficulty and limited characterization in the literature.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What was the patient’s clinical course and main diagnostic workup?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"After abdominal pain developed two years post-chemotherapy, PET/CT showed localized small intestinal wall thickening with increased metabolic activity. She underwent partial ileal resection and related procedures, and histopathology with immunohistochemistry confirmed primary ileal low-grade squamous cell carcinoma.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How was treatment managed after surgery, and what was the outcome?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"She received intravenous doxorubicin plus carboplatin with anti-angiogenic targeted therapy, then switched to paclitaxel plus carboplatin with bevacizumab after six cycles. 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Its development is an exceptional phenomenon, as the ileal mucosa is lined exclusively by simple columnar epithelium, with no native squamous epithelium under physiological conditions. PISCC accounts for fewer than 0.001% of all intestinal malignancies. As of 2025, only 12 confirmed cases have been documented in the global literature, predominantly as isolated case reports.  \nCASE SUMMARY  \nA 47-year-old female developed abdominal pain two years after chemotherapy for ovarian low-grade serous carcinoma (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IC1) . Positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed localized thickening of the small intestinal wall in the right pelvic region with increased metabolic activity, suggesting implantation metastasis. The patient underwent partial ileal resection, intestinal anastomosis, appendectomy, omentectomy, and pericolic lymphadenectomy. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed a primary ileal low-grade squamous cell carcinoma. Postoperatively, the patient received intravenous doxorubicin plus carboplatin combined with anti-angiogenic targeted therapy. After six cycles, the regimen was changed to paclitaxel plus carboplatin with bevacizumab. Following five cycles, maintenance therapy with intravenous bevacizumab monotherapy was initiated, supplemented with adjunctive hepatoprotective agents. At the 30-month postoperative follow-up, the patient remained progression-free with no clinical or radiologic evidence of recurrence or distant metastasis.  \nCONCLUSION  \nAccurate diagnosis of PISCC requires integration of clinical history, systemic examination, histopathology, and immunohistochemical profiling to reduce  \n WJCC  [https://www.wjgnet.com](https://www.wjgnet.com) 1 December 26, 2025  Volume 13  Issue 36   \nLi QQ et al. A case report of PISCC  \nmisdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.  \nKey Words: Small intestinal neoplasms; Ileal squamous cell carcinoma; Immunophenotype; Clinical characteristics; Pathogenesis; Clinicopathology; Case report  \n©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.  \nCore Tip: Primary ileal squamous cell carcinoma represents a paradox, as it arises in the ileal mucosa that lacks nativesquamous epithelium. With an ","cbCaisHl9gRqkNe2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisHl9gRqkNe2","pdf",9417010,13,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Case Summary\n## Conclusion\n# Core Tip\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why is primary ileal squamous cell carcinoma considered paradoxical in pathology?\",\"answer\":\"It arises in the ileal mucosa, which lacks native squamous epithelium under physiological conditions. The rarity contributes to diagnostic difficulty and limited characterization in the literature.\"},{\"question\":\"What was the patient’s clinical course and main diagnostic workup?\",\"answer\":\"After abdominal pain developed two years post-chemotherapy, PET/CT showed localized small intestinal wall thickening with increased metabolic activity. She underwent partial ileal resection and related procedures, and histopathology with immunohistochemistry confirmed primary ileal low-grade squamous cell carcinoma.\"},{\"question\":\"How was treatment managed after surgery, and what was the outcome?\",\"answer\":\"She received intravenous doxorubicin plus carboplatin with anti-angiogenic targeted therapy, then switched to paclitaxel plus carboplatin with bevacizumab after six cycles. After five additional cycles, she continued bevacizumab monotherapy with hepatoprotective adjuncts and remained progression-free at 30-month follow-up.\"}]","Primary ileal squamous cell carcinoma - A case report and review of literature | PDF",1790568113,33]