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Surgical exploration confirmed a 4 × 4 cm diaphragmatic spherical cyst containing purulent fluid and membrane remnants, and complete excision was achieved with pathology confirmation, underscoring diagnostic difficulty and the need for imaging-guided clinical suspicion.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/primary-hydatid-cyst-in-the-diaphragm-a-rare-case-report/435605/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/primary-hydatid-cyst-in-the-diaphragm-a-rare-case-report/435605.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"RuangKosong","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What causes primary hydatid cysts in the diaphragm?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Hydatid cysts are caused by Echinococcus granulosus and develop after transmission to humans through contaminated food or water or contact with infected animals. Diaphragmatic involvement is rare and may show atypical presentation.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How was the diaphragmatic hydatid cyst diagnosed in this case?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Imaging (chest X-ray and CT) identified a well-defined lesion near the right diaphragm, but confirmation required surgical exploration. Pathology after complete excision confirmed the hydatid diagnosis.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why is preoperative diagnosis important for diaphragmatic hydatid cysts?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Because diaphragmatic cysts are extremely uncommon and can mimic other conditions, an accurate preoperative diagnosis helps clinicians plan appropriate management and avoid unnecessarily large incisions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},435605,1791119678,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":125},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":97,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962090883219,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Case Report  \nPrimary hydatid cyst in the diaphragm: a rare case report  \nHadi Salame, MDa ,*, Mohammad Kokash, MDb , Shahd Bou Hamdan, MDa , Haya Ben Khadrac , Reham Alkhatib, MDa , Yamama Abo Dakka, MDd , Bassel Ibrahim, MDd , Hussain Chaban, MDd  \nIntroduction and Importance: Hydatid cyst (HC) is a parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus , transmitted to humans through ingestion of contaminated food or water, or direct contact with infected animals. Although the liver and lungs are the most commonly affected organs, extrapulmonary intrathoracic cysts, including those in the diaphragm, are rare. Therefore, in this report, we highlight a rare case of a diaphragmatic HC.  \nCase Presentation: This report presents the case of a 40-year-old female with a chronic cough and right-sided thoracic heaviness. Imaging revealed a well-defined lesion near the right diaphragm. Surgical exploration via right thoracotomy revealed a 4 × 4 cm fibrotic, spherical lesion originating from the diaphragm. The lesion contained purulent fluid and degenerated membrane remnants, which were consistent with an HC. Complete excision was achieved without complications, and the pathology confirmed the diagnosis.  \nClinical Discussion: Hydatid disease, caused by E. granulosus , predominantly affects the liver (60–80%) and lungs (10–30%), with rare extrapulmonary intrathoracic involvement. Diaphragmatic HCs are extremely uncommon (~1%) and pose diagnostic challenges because of their atypical presentation and unclear pathogenesis. In this case, a right-sided diaphragmatic cyst extended into the right lung, manifesting as chest heaviness and a persistent cough. Imaging (chest X-ray, CT) confirmed a lower lung density at the expense of the lung; however, it was confirmed to be a diaphragmatic HC upon surgical intervention. Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic challenge posed by atypical cyst locations, such as the diaphragm, and underscores the importance of imaging and clinical suspicion in achieving a timely diagnosis and appropriate surgical management. Keywords: case report, diaphragm, Echinococcus granulosus, extrapulmonary, hydatid cyst  \nIntroduction  \nHydatid cyst (HC) is a parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus, transmitted to humans through food or water contaminated with its eggs, or contact with infected animals[1,2] . In the majority of instances, the liver is the main site for HCs, accounting for 60–80% of cases, while the lungs are the second most frequent location (10–30%) . The remaining cases, which account for approximately 10–15%, are found elsewhere [3] . The occurrence of extrapulmonary intrathoracic  \naFaculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic,  \nbFaculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic, cFaculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic and dDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, National University Hospital in Damascus, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article.  \n*Corresponding author. Address: Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic. Tel.: +963996780237.  \n[E-mail: hadisalame9@gmail.com](E-mail: hadisalame9@gmail.com) (H. Salame).  \nCopyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.  \nAnnals of Medicine & Surgery (2026) 88:861–865  \nReceived 29 July 2025; Accepted 13 November 2025  \nPublished online 25 November 2025  \n[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000004422](http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MS9.000000000000","cbCaikhigVQSW9KQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikhigVQSW9KQ","pdf",923284,"English","# Introduction\n# Case Presentation\n# Clinical Discussion\n# Conclusion\n# Highlights\n## Differential diagnosis\n## Imaging clues","[{\"question\":\"What causes primary hydatid cysts in the diaphragm?\",\"answer\":\"Hydatid cysts are caused by Echinococcus granulosus and develop after transmission to humans through contaminated food or water or contact with infected animals. Diaphragmatic involvement is rare and may show atypical presentation.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the diaphragmatic hydatid cyst diagnosed in this case?\",\"answer\":\"Imaging (chest X-ray and CT) identified a well-defined lesion near the right diaphragm, but confirmation required surgical exploration. Pathology after complete excision confirmed the hydatid diagnosis.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is preoperative diagnosis important for diaphragmatic hydatid cysts?\",\"answer\":\"Because diaphragmatic cysts are extremely uncommon and can mimic other conditions, an accurate preoperative diagnosis helps clinicians plan appropriate management and avoid unnecessarily large incisions.\"}]","Primary hydatid cyst in the diaphragm - a rare case report | PDF",1790674389,13]