[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-371490-105":59,"doc-detail-371490-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","primary-cilia-and-cancer-a-tale-of-many-faces-review-article","Primary cilia and cancer - a tale of many faces - review article","","Primary cilia are microtubule-based sensory organelles that detect extracellular chemical and mechanical cues and translate them into intracellular signaling. The review explains how cilia are lost in some cancers yet become required for others, with multiple oncogenic molecules and downstream effectors localizing to the cilium. It highlights context-dependent regulation of cancer pathways, focusing on Hedgehog signaling, drug resistance, and survival outcomes. It further discusses cilia’s links to cancer hallmarks such as migration, invasion, and metabolic rewiring, emphasizing ongoing efforts to define cilia-localized signaling outputs for therapeutic targeting.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/primary-cilia-and-cancer-a-tale-of-many-faces-review-article/371490/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/primary-cilia-and-cancer-a-tale-of-many-faces-review-article/371490.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sophia Brooks","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What are primary cilia, and what role do they play in cells?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Primary cilia are specialized sensory organelles that project from the cell surface. They detect extracellular stimuli and trigger intracellular responses, supporting development and cellular homeostasis.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do cilia relate to cancer progression and treatment sensitivity?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review describes a context-dependent relationship: some cancers lose cilia, while others depend on ciliary signaling. It also links cilia loss to resistance against Smoothened-targeting drugs and suggests that suppressing cilia can overcome certain resistances.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which oncogenic signaling pathway is emphasized in relation to primary cilia?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The Hedgehog pathway is highlighted as a ciliary-signaling pathway, regulated at the cilium through interactions between Smoothened and Patched, leading to activation of pro-survival programs.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},371490,1790815856,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36},962084925636,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Oncogene [www.nature.com/onc](www.nature.com/onc)  \nREVIEW ARTICLE OPEN   \nPrimary cilia and cancer: a tale of many faces  \nRebecca Collinson 1 and Barbara Tanos 1 ✉  \n© The Author(s) 2025, corrected publication 2025  \n\n|  | Cilia are microtubule-based sensory organelles which project from the cell surface, enabling detection of mechanical and chemical stimuli from the extracellular environment. It has been shown that cilia are lost in some cancers, while others depend on cilia or ciliary signaling. Several oncogenic molecules, including tyrosine kinases, G-protein coupled receptors, cytosolic kinases, and their downstream effectors localize to cilia. The Hedgehog pathway, one of the most studied ciliary-signaling pathways, is regulated atthe cilium via an interplay between Smoothened (an oncogene) and Patched (a tumor suppressor), resulting in the activation of pro-survival programs. Interestingly, cilia loss can result in resistance to Smoothened-targeting drugs and increased cancer cell survival. On the other hand, kinase inhibitor-resistant and chemoresistant cancers have increased cilia and increased Hedgehog pathway activation, and suppressing cilia can overcome this resistance. How cilia regulate cancer is therefore context dependent. Defining the signaling output of cilia-localized oncogenic pathways could identify specific targets for cancer therapy, including the cilium itself. Increasing evidence implicates cilia in supporting several hallmarks of cancer, including migration, invasion, and metabolic rewiring. While cell cycle cues regulate the biogenesis of cilia, the absence of cilia has not been conclusively shown to affect the cell cycle. Thus, a complex interplay between molecular signals, phosphorylation events and spatial regulation renders this fascinating organelle an important new player in cancer through roles that we are only starting to uncover. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of cilia as signaling platforms in cancer and the influence this plays in tumor |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |\n| development. |  |  |\n|  | Oncogene (2025) 44:1551–1566; [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-025-03416-x](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-025-03416-x) |  |\n|  |  |  |\n\nPRIMARY CILIA: A SNAPSHOT  \nCilia are specialized organelles projecting from the surface of most mammalian cells. Primary cilia detect extracellular stimuli, whether chemical or mechanical, and induce a response within the cell [1] . Primary cilia are present in many cell types and are highly diverse, from the long cilia in kidney tubules to modified cilia in retinal photoreceptor cells. Motile cilia function to propel fluids along the surface of the cells such as in the respiratory tract, or to propel the cells themselves as in the case of sperm flagella [1] . Common to all cilia is a microtubule-based axoneme with a nine-fold symmetry arrangement templated on centrioles. Primary cilia typically organize as nine microtubule doublets arranged in a ring (9 + 0), while motile cilia have a central pair of microtubules (9 + 2) that are key for locomotion. In this review, we will focus on primary cilia. A modified mother centriole, called the basal body, templates the cilium. The basal body features blade-like structures, known as distal appendages (DAPs), which are acquired during G2 and anchor the cilium to the plasma membrane [2] . In eukaryotic cells, in addition to functioning as basal bodies, centriole pairs recruit pericentriolar material to form the centrosome, a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) needed for spindle separation during mitosis. Thus, the primary cilium cycle is closely intertwined with the cell cycle, with cilia typically forming in G1 or G0 and resorbing before or during M-phase [3] . During prophase, the duplicated centrosome separates into two mother/daughter centriole pairs, ensu","cbCaiidsdRwicA0y","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiidsdRwicA0y","pdf",3358529,16,"English","# Primary cilia: a snapshot\n## The primary cilium as a hub for oncogenic signaling","[{\"question\":\"What are primary cilia, and what role do they play in cells?\",\"answer\":\"Primary cilia are specialized sensory organelles that project from the cell surface. They detect extracellular stimuli and trigger intracellular responses, supporting development and cellular homeostasis.\"},{\"question\":\"How do cilia relate to cancer progression and treatment sensitivity?\",\"answer\":\"The review describes a context-dependent relationship: some cancers lose cilia, while others depend on ciliary signaling. It also links cilia loss to resistance against Smoothened-targeting drugs and suggests that suppressing cilia can overcome certain resistances.\"},{\"question\":\"Which oncogenic signaling pathway is emphasized in relation to primary cilia?\",\"answer\":\"The Hedgehog pathway is highlighted as a ciliary-signaling pathway, regulated at the cilium through interactions between Smoothened and Patched, leading to activation of pro-survival programs.\"}]","Primary cilia and cancer - a tale of many faces - review article | PDF",1790192197]