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Socio-demographic factors, tobacco consumption, and medical or dental history were analyzed with IBM SPSS (v22) using chi-square tests and logistic regression at a 95% confidence interval. Prevalence of precancerous lesions and conditions was 16.38%, with tobacco pouch keratosis and OSMF as key findings. Smoking, age, education, diet type, and sharp cusps showed associations; the overall prevalence was high, especially in older adults.",{"@graph":14,"@context":77},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/prevalence-of-oral-precancerous-lesions-and-conditions-among-rural-population-of-karnataka-a-community-based-cross-sectional-study/346023/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/prevalence-of-oral-precancerous-lesions-and-conditions-among-rural-population-of-karnataka-a-community-based-cross-sectional-study/346023.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Clementine","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-22",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",8,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69,73],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What was the study objective in Karnataka rural communities?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To estimate the magnitude of oral precancerous lesions and conditions among the rural population of Karnataka, India.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were participants selected and screened in the study?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Participants were recruited through stratified cluster random sampling and screened using visual examination and toluidine blue application.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What was the reported prevalence and which lesions were prominent?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The overall prevalence was 16.38%, including tobacco pouch keratosis (4.5%) and Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis, OSMF (4.4%).",{"name":74,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Which factors were associated with oral precancerous lesions and conditions?",{"text":76,"@type":64},"Age was associated with all types of lesions and conditions; 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India alone accounts for one-third of the world’s oral cancer cases. India is considered as the oral cancer capital of the world, with an estimated 1% of the population having oral premalignant lesions. Early detection of oral precancerous lesions is practically possible and associated with a high expectation of the prevention of deformity, relapse, and mortality. The present study aims to estimate the magnitude of oral precancerous lesions and conditions among the rural population of Karnataka, India. Methods: A community-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among the 6010 rural population of Belgaum. Participants were recruited through stratified cluster random sampling and were screened for oral precancerous lesions and conditions through visual examination and toluidine blue application. The data on socio-demographic variables, tobacco consumption, medical & dental history was collected and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22. Logistic regression and Chi-square test were used to analyze inferential data at 95% confidence interval. Descriptive data were analyzed using percentage and proportion.Results: The majority of participants were females (53.9%), and the mean age was 40 years. The prevalence of precancerous lesions and conditions was 16.38%. Among them, 4.5% had tobacco pouch keratosis, and 4.4% Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis (OSMF). Age was associated with all types of lesions and conditions and similarly, cigarette and bidi smoking are associated with smoker’s palate. 4.2% leukoplakia and smoker’s palate were found in 1.6%. A high prevalence of Smokeless tobacco consumption was found, and among them, gutkha was most commonly used. These lesions were associated with age, education, tobacco, type of diet and sharp cusps. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of precancerous lesions and conditions was high. It was high among the elderly, except for OSMF which was more prevalent among the younger age group.  \nKeywords: Oral precancerous lesions-rural area-prevalence-smoking-smokeless tobacco  \nAsian Pac J Cancer Prev, 27 (2), 519-525  \nIntroduction  \nA thorough understanding of the health needs of the population forms the base of any planning process. A comprehensive survey that includes causes of premature death, disability and major risk factors, forms the foundation for understanding public health needs. A major global public health problem that needs urgent attention is oral cancer. Identifying oral pre-cancerous lesions and conditions in their early stages can result into prevention of deformity, relapse, and mortality [1] . Oral cancer alone is responsible for more than 6 million deaths each year globally, with about 10 million new cases diagnosed annually. Hence, it is the 6th most common cancer in the world [2] . India alone accounts for one third of the world’s  \noral cancer [3] . India, has the highest incidence of oral cancer in the world, because lifestyle-related habits such as cigarette consumption both smoking and smokeless form, and drinking alcohol are highly prevalent in this population [4, 5] .  \nTobacco causes about one-third of all deaths in India. These include cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive lung diseases and tobacco related cancers [6], all of which are preventable morbidities and mortalities. In some countries of Asian pacific region oral cancer is one of the most common cancers. According to Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2020, oral cancer is one of the top three cancers that ","cbCaimv6YfIGucPu","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimv6YfIGucPu","pdf",346549,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the study objective in Karnataka rural communities?\",\"answer\":\"To estimate the magnitude of oral precancerous lesions and conditions among the rural population of Karnataka, India.\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants selected and screened in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Participants were recruited through stratified cluster random sampling and screened using visual examination and toluidine blue application.\"},{\"question\":\"What was the reported prevalence and which lesions were prominent?\",\"answer\":\"The overall prevalence was 16.38%, including tobacco pouch keratosis (4.5%) and Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis, OSMF (4.4%).\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors were associated with oral precancerous lesions and conditions?\",\"answer\":\"Age was associated with all types of lesions and conditions; cigarette and bidi smoking were associated with smoker’s palate, and other associations included tobacco use, education, diet type, and sharp cusps.\"}]","Prevalence of Oral Precancerous Lesions and Conditions among Rural Population of Karnataka - A Community-based Cross-Sectional Study | PDF",1790059712,18]