[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-331521-105":59,"doc-detail-331521-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","prevalence-and-significance-of-agr2-expression-in-human-cancer","Prevalence and Significance of AGR2 Expression in Human Cancer","","Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) is an endoplasmic reticulum resident protein involved in embryonal development, mucus maturation, tissue regeneration, and wound healing. A tissue microarray covering 14,966 tumors across 134 cancer types and 608 samples from 76 normal tissue types was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine AGR2 prevalence and clinical relevance. AGR2 positivity occurred in most tumor categories and related to tumor grade and stage in several cancers.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/prevalence-and-significance-of-agr2-expression-in-human-cancer/331521/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/prevalence-and-significance-of-agr2-expression-in-human-cancer/331521.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Quinn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is AGR2 and what role does it play in the body?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"AGR2 is an endoplasmic reticulum resident protein involved in embryonal development, mucus maturation, tissue regeneration, and wound healing, with roles in oxidative protein folding.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was AGR2 expression measured in this study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"AGR2 prevalence was evaluated using a tissue microarray containing 14,966 tumors from 134 tumor types and 608 normal tissue samples from 76 types, analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC).",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What clinical significance did the study find for AGR2 expression?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"AGR2 levels were linked to tumor grade and advanced stage in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and to multiple adverse features such as nodal metastasis and higher tumor grades in other cancer types.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331521,1790788433,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31,"preview_page_count":4},962075114765,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Cancer Medicine  \nRESEARCH ARTICLE  OPEN ACCESS   \nPrevalence and Significance of AGR2 Expression in Human Cancer  \nNina Schraps1  | Jacob Constantin Port2 | Anne Menz2 | Florian Viehweger2 | Seyma Büyücek2  | David Dum2 | Ria Schlichter2 | Andrea Hinsch2 | Christoph Fraune2,3 | Christian Bernreuther2 | Martina Kluth2 | Claudia Hube-Magg2 | Katharina Möller2 | Viktor Reiswich2 | Andreas M. Luebke2 | Patrick Lebok2,3 | Sören Weidemann2 | Guido Sauter2 | Maximilian Lennartz2 | Frank Jacobsen2 | Till S. Clauditz2 | Andreas H. Marx2,4 | Ronald Simon2  | Stefan Steurer1 | Baris Mercanoglu2 | Nathaniel Melling2 | Thilo Hackert2 | Eike Burandt1 | Natalia Gorbokon1 | Sarah Minner1 |  \nTill Krech1,3 | Florian Lutz1  \n1General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany | 2Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany | 3Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck,  \nGermany | 4Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany Correspondence: Ronald Simon ([r.simon@uke.de](r.simon@uke.de))  \nReceived: 2 September 2024 | Revised: 21 October 2024 | Accepted: 28 October 2024  \nFunding: The authors received no specific funding for this work.  \nABSTRACT  \nBackround: Anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) is a resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein with a vital role in embryonal development, mucus maturation, tissue regeneration, and wound healing.  \nMethods: To determine the prevalence and clinical significance of AGR2 expression in cancer, a tissue microarray containing 14,966 tumors from 134 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) .  \nResults: AGR2 positivity was found in 103 of 134 tumor categories, and 83 tumor categories contained at least one strongly positive case. AGR2 expression was most frequently seen in tumors of the female genital tract, particularly adenocarcinomas (up to 100%), various breast cancer subtypes (57.1%–100%), urothelial carcinoma (74.6%–100%), adenocarcinomas of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract (93.6%–99.6%), and pancreaticobiliary cancers (65.2%–98.2%) . AGR2 positivity was slightly less common in squamous cell carcinomas (46.4%–77.3%) and mainly absent in mesenchymal and lymphoid tumors. While AGR2 expression was only weak or absent in the normal thyroid, it was moderate to strong in 46.0% of adenomas, 52.8% of follicular carcinomas, and 81.8% of papillary carcinomas ofthe thyroid. High AGR2 expression was strongly linked to poor ISUP (p \u003C 0.0001), Fuhrman (p \u003C 0.0001), and Thoenes (p \u003C 0.0001) grades as well as advanced pT stage (p = 0.0035) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Low AGR2 expression was associated with high BRE grade in breast cancer (p = 0.0049), nodal metastasis (p = 0.0275) and RAS mutation (p = 0.0136) in colorectal cancer, nodal metastasis (p = 0.0482) in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma, high grade in noninvasive urothelial carcinoma (p = 0.0003), and invasive tumor growth in urothelial carcinoma (p \u003C 0.0001) . Conclusions: It is concluded that AGR2 expression occurs in a broad range of different tumor entities and that AGR2 assessment may serve as a diagnostic aid for the distinction of thyroidal neoplasms and as a prognostic marker in various cancer types.  \n\n| Nina Schraps and Jacob Constantin Port contributed equally to this work. |\n| --- |\n| This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.\u003Cbr>© 2024 The Author(s). Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. |\n\nCancer Medicine, 2024; 13:e70407 1 of 20  \n[https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70407](https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.70407)  \n1 | Introduction  \nAnterior gradient 2, AGR2, is a resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein with a","cbCairC1TweZFmpA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCairC1TweZFmpA","pdf",5117597,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusions\n# Introduction\n## AGR2 biology and functions\n## AGR2 links to cancer","[{\"question\":\"What is AGR2 and what role does it play in the body?\",\"answer\":\"AGR2 is an endoplasmic reticulum resident protein involved in embryonal development, mucus maturation, tissue regeneration, and wound healing, with roles in oxidative protein folding.\"},{\"question\":\"How was AGR2 expression measured in this study?\",\"answer\":\"AGR2 prevalence was evaluated using a tissue microarray containing 14,966 tumors from 134 tumor types and 608 normal tissue samples from 76 types, analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC).\"},{\"question\":\"What clinical significance did the study find for AGR2 expression?\",\"answer\":\"AGR2 levels were linked to tumor grade and advanced stage in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and to multiple adverse features such as nodal metastasis and higher tumor grades in other cancer types.\"}]","Prevalence and Significance of AGR2 Expression in Human Cancer | PDF",1789993708]