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Preterm birth (\u003C37 weeks gestation) is a critical risk factor because the immature brain is especially vulnerable despite advances in neonatal care. The review synthesizes worldwide observational evidence to clarify the updated association between preterm birth and CP risk in children. It applies PRISMA 2020 methodology, extracts effect sizes, assesses quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, and evaluates publication bias.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/preterm-birth-as-a-risk-factor-for-cerebral-palsy-in-children-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/439764/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/preterm-birth-as-a-risk-factor-for-cerebral-palsy-in-children-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/439764.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Adam","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To provide an updated and comprehensive synthesis of the association between preterm birth and CP risk in children using recent high-quality observational studies worldwide.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were studies selected and assessed for quality?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, screened observational studies by two reviewers, and assessed methodological quality with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, including only studies scoring 6 or higher.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the findings indicate about CP risk in preterm infants?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The pooled estimate for broad preterm birth was not statistically significant, but subgroup results confirm that CP risk increases significantly with the degree of prematurity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},439764,1790740104,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1374404737137,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Wiley  \nNeurology Research International Volume 2025, Article ID 3922172, 9 pages [https://doi.org/10.1155/nri/3922172](https://doi.org/10.1155/nri/3922172)  \nReview Article  \nPreterm Birth as a Risk Factor for Cerebral Palsy in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis  \nKaleab Tesfaye Tegegne , 1 Tadele Kassahun Wudu ,2 Moges Tadesse Abebe  3  \n,  \nEleni Tesfaye Tegegne ,4 and Mekibib Kassa Tessema 5  \n1 Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debark University, Debark, Ethiopia  \n2 Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Debark University, Debark, Ethiopia  \n3 Department of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debark University, Debark, Ethiopia  \n4 School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia  \n5 Leishmania Research and Treatment Center, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia  \nCorrespondence should be addressed to Kaleab Tesfaye Tegegne; [kaleabtesfaye35@gmail.com](kaleabtesfaye35@gmail.com)  \nReceived 15 May 2025; Revised 10 November 2025; Accepted 3 December 2025  \nAcademic Editor: Harleen Khatra  \nCopyright © 2025 Kaleab Tesfaye Tegegne et al. Neurology Research International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Tis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nBackground: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability in childhood, often resulting from early brain injury. Preterm birth (\u003C 37 weeks gestation) is a critical risk factor for CP due to the vulnerability of the immature brain. Despite advancesin neonatal care, the risk of CP remains elevated among preterm infants, especially those born very preterm. Existing metaanalyses are limited by outdated data or methodological gaps.  \nObjective: To provide an updated, comprehensive synthesis of the association between preterm birth and CP risk in children, utilizing recent high-quality observational studies worldwide.  \nMethods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar from inception to May 1, 2024, for observational studies reporting odds ratios (ORs) relating preterm birth and CP in children (\u003C 18 years) . Studies were screened independently by two reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed via the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), including only studies with scores ≥ 6. A fxed-efects meta-analysis was performed given low heterogeneity (I2 􀂈 28.04%) . Publication bias was evaluated using Egger’s test.  \nResults: Sixteen studies encompassing diverse geographic regions and 30,000+ participants were included. Te pooled OR for CPin preterm versus term children was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.72–1.31, p \u003C 0.0001), indicating a signifcantly increased risk associated with preterm birth. No evidence of publication bias was detected (Egger’s p 􀂈 0.4783) . Te methodological rigor and consistency offndings across varied populations strengthen the evidence for a global association.  \nConclusions: While the pooled estimate for the broad preterm birth category was not statistically signifcant, subgroup analyses confrm that the risk of CP increases signifcantly with the degree of prematurity. Tese fndings reinforce the need for targeted neurodevelopmental monitoring and early interventions in preterm populations, particularly for those born at lower gestational ages, alongside public health strategies to reduce preterm birth incidence. Future research should stratify risks by degree of prematurity and explore biological modifers to optimize preventive care.  \nKeywords: cerebral palsy; meta-analysis; neurodevelopmental disorders; preterm birth; risk factors  \n2 Neurology Research International  \n1. Introduction adherence to established reporting standards (supporting fle PRISMA 2020 Checklist ","cbCaiaoPjxR2Y0TR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaoPjxR2Y0TR","pdf",750953,"English","# Introduction\n## Eligibility Criteria\n## Information Sources and Search Strategy\n# Methods\n## Quality Assessment\n## Meta-analysis and Publication Bias\n# Results\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis?\",\"answer\":\"To provide an updated and comprehensive synthesis of the association between preterm birth and CP risk in children using recent high-quality observational studies worldwide.\"},{\"question\":\"How were studies selected and assessed for quality?\",\"answer\":\"The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, screened observational studies by two reviewers, and assessed methodological quality with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, including only studies scoring 6 or higher.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the findings indicate about CP risk in preterm infants?\",\"answer\":\"The pooled estimate for broad preterm birth was not statistically significant, but subgroup results confirm that CP risk increases significantly with the degree of prematurity.\"}]","Preterm Birth as a Risk Factor for Cerebral Palsy in Children - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | PDF",1790690130,23]