[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-473345-105":59,"doc-detail-473345-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","presumptive-and-confirmatory-forensic-tests","Presumptive and Confirmatory Forensic Tests","","Guide to presumptive versus confirmatory forensic tests in criminal casework, explaining how presumptive tests establish the possibility that a bodily tissue or fluid is present while confirmatory tests identify specific biological material. Covers laboratory test categories used in serology, including presumptive and confirmatory approaches for blood, saliva, and semen, and clarifies limits such as when DNA is not confirmatory. Describes drug chemistry and toxicology workflows, and outlines legal strategies when confirmatory testing was not performed, including pretrial motions, cross-examination, and jury instructions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/presumptive-and-confirmatory-forensic-tests/473345/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/presumptive-and-confirmatory-forensic-tests/473345.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Taylor Morgan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-07","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the difference between presumptive and confirmatory forensic tests?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Presumptive tests can establish the possibility that a specific tissue or fluid is present, while confirmatory tests can identify specific biological material. Confirmatory testing is described as conclusively identifying a substance with a smaller risk of false positives.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What should be done if only presumptive tests were performed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The outline directs attention to legal challenges, including filing a pretrial motion to exclude, a motion to limit testimony, cross-examination, and requesting jury instructions.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which serology categories and example tests are covered in the outline?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The material organizes serology evidence into blood, saliva, and semen, then lists both presumptive and confirmatory tests for each category, along with notes on specific protocol inclusions and limitations (e.g., DNA not confirmatory and certain semen testing not currently used).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},473345,1791117811,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36},1099523885336,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Presumptive and Confirmatory Forensic Tests  \nAlyson Grine  \nDefender Educator  \nUNC School of Government [agrine@sog.unc.edu](agrine@sog.unc.edu)  \nSarah Rackley  \nForensic Resource Counsel  \nOffice of Indigent Defense Services [Sarah.H.Rackley@nccourts.org](Sarah.H.Rackley@nccourts.org)  \nOutline  \n1) Presumptive and confirmatory tests  \n􀁺 What is the difference?  \n􀁺 What do I do if only presumptive tests were done?  \n2) State Crime Laboratory  \n􀁺 What tests are used?  \n􀁻 Serology  \n􀁻 Drug Chemistry  \nDefinitions  \n􀁻 Presumptive tests  \n􀁺 Can establish the possibility that a specific bodily tissue or fluid is present  \n􀁻 Confirmatory tests  \n􀁺 Can identify a specific biological material  \n--NFSTC, DNA Analyst Training, Presumptive v. Confirmatory Tests  \nLab Protocols  \nPros and Cons  \nPresumptive  \n􀁻 Narrows possibilities and helps decide which test todo next  \n􀁻 Can use on larger areas  \n􀁻 Can locate evidence not visible to naked eye  \n􀁻 Sensitive  \n􀁻 Risk of false positives  \nConfirmatory  \n􀁻 Conclusively identify a substance  \n􀁻 Smaller risk of false positives  \n􀁻 Cost more  \n􀁻 Require additional equipment  \n􀁻 Take longer  \nSerology Evidence  \n􀁺 Blood  \n􀁺 Semen  \n􀁺 Saliva  \nBlood  \nPresumptive  \n􀁻 Phenolphthalein Test  \n􀁺 AKA Kastle Meyer Test  \n􀁻 Luminol Test  \n􀁺 AKA Albrecht Reaction  \n􀁻 Alternate Light Sources  \nConfirmatory  \n􀁻 Takayama Test  \n􀁺 No longer listed in State Crime Lab protocols  \n􀁻 RSID Test for Human Blood  \n􀁻 ABA Card Hematrace  \n􀁺 Can cross react with some animal blood  \n􀁺 “Consistent for presence of human blood”)  \nDNA: Not confirmatory!  \nIndividualization  \n􀁻 After blood confirmed, lab may perform tests to determine source.  \n􀁻 Current Test  \n􀁺 DNA  \n􀁻 Past Tests  \n􀁺 Ouchterlony  \n􀁻 Species of origin test  \n􀁺 ABO typing  \n􀁻 Identifies a person’s blood type  \n􀁺 Hematrace cards  \nSaliva  \nPresumptive  \n􀁻 Phadebas Test  \nConfirmatory  \n􀁻 Phadebas Test +  \n􀁺 RSID Test for Human Saliva  \nSemen  \nPresumptive  \n􀁻 Acid Phosphatase Test  \n􀁺 AKA Walker Test  \n􀁻 Alternative Light Sources  \n􀁻 Prostate Specific Antigen  \n􀁺 Not currently used by State Crime Lab  \nConfirmatory  \n􀁻 Christmas Tree Stain  \n􀁺 Sperm Identification  \n􀁻 RSID test for Semen  \nDrug Chemistry  \nDrug Chemistry  \n􀁺 Drug Analysis  \n􀁻 Analysis of a suspected controlled substance  \n􀁺 Toxicology  \n􀁻 Analysis of blood, urine or hair sample to determine whether a substance has been consumed  \nDrug Analysis  \nPresumptive  \n􀁻 Color tests/spot tests  \n􀁻 Microcrystalline tests  \n􀁻 Ultraviolet spectroscopy  \n􀁻 Infrared spectroscopy  \n􀁻 Microscopic examinations  \n􀁻 Thin layer chromatography (TLC)  \nConfirmatory  \n􀁻 Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer  \n􀁻 Infrared Spectrophotometry  \nDuquenois-Levine Test:  \nNo scientific acceptance as a reliable and accurate means of identifying marijuana.  \n-State v. Tate, 300 N.C. 180 (1980)  \nToxicology  \nPresumptive  \n􀁻 Alco-sensor  \n􀁻 EMIT Analyzer  \n􀁻 ELISA Immunoassay  \nConfirmatory  \n􀁻 Headspace Gas Chromatography  \nChallenging the Failure to Perform Confirmatory Testing  \no Pretrial Motion to Exclude  \no Motion to Limit Testimony  \no Cross-Examination  \no Jury Instructions  \nMotion to Exclude  \n􀁻 Lack of Reliability (Rule 702)  \n􀁻 More Prejudicial than Probative (Rule 403)  \n􀁻 Due Process  \n􀁻 Caselaw  \n􀁻 Lab Procotols  \n􀁻 National Standards (Scientific Working Groups)  \n􀁻 NAS Report  \n“[J]urors may ascribe so much authority to such a noteworthy expert that in forensic chemistry that they treat his testimony as infallible and automatically accept his opinion on the chemical composition of a substance, without properly appreciating--even with vigorous crossexamination and proper jury instructions--that the expert chemist never even performed a scientific, chemical analysis.”  \n-State v. Ward, 364 NC 133, 146 (2010) .","cbCaipn8hB3FC6ay","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipn8hB3FC6ay","pdf",843581,16,"English","# Presumptive and confirmatory tests\n## What is the difference?\n## What to do if only presumptive tests were done?\n# State Crime Laboratory\n## Tests used: Serology\n## Tests used: Drug Chemistry\n## Definitions\n# Lab Protocols: Pros and Cons\n## Presumptive\n## Confirmatory\n# Serology Evidence\n## Blood\n## Saliva\n## Semen\n# DNA: Individualization\n# Drug Chemistry and Toxicology\n## Drug Analysis: Presumptive vs Confirmatory\n## Toxicology: Presumptive vs Confirmatory\n# Challenging the failure to perform confirmatory testing\n## Pretrial motion to exclude\n## Motion to limit testimony\n## Cross-examination\n## Jury instructions","[{\"question\":\"What is the difference between presumptive and confirmatory forensic tests?\",\"answer\":\"Presumptive tests can establish the possibility that a specific tissue or fluid is present, while confirmatory tests can identify specific biological material. Confirmatory testing is described as conclusively identifying a substance with a smaller risk of false positives.\"},{\"question\":\"What should be done if only presumptive tests were performed?\",\"answer\":\"The outline directs attention to legal challenges, including filing a pretrial motion to exclude, a motion to limit testimony, cross-examination, and requesting jury instructions.\"},{\"question\":\"Which serology categories and example tests are covered in the outline?\",\"answer\":\"The material organizes serology evidence into blood, saliva, and semen, then lists both presumptive and confirmatory tests for each category, along with notes on specific protocol inclusions and limitations (e.g., DNA not confirmatory and certain semen testing not currently used).\"}]","Presumptive and Confirmatory Forensic Tests | PDF",1790782284]