[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-588240-105":59,"doc-detail-588240-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","preservice-elementary-teachers-mental-computation-strategy-use-in-subtraction-on-two-digit-natural-numbers-investigates","PRESERVICE ELEMENTARY TEACHERS’ MENTAL COMPUTATION STRATEGY USE IN SUBTRACTION ON TWO DIGIT NATURAL NUMBERS - Investigates","","The paper examines whether mental computation strategies documented in research literature are sufficient to classify how preservice elementary teachers (PETs) use strategies when subtracting two-digit natural numbers. PET strategy use is measured operationally through a written questionnaire. Results show that PETs generally employ strategies found in prior research on elementary pupils, but also introduce additional strategies that are identified, presented, and discussed.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/preservice-elementary-teachers-mental-computation-strategy-use-in-subtraction-on-two-digit-natural-numbers-investigates/588240/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/preservice-elementary-teachers-mental-computation-strategy-use-in-subtraction-on-two-digit-natural-numbers-investigates/588240.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aditya","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the research question of the paper?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study investigates whether existing research literature provides enough mental computation strategy categories to classify preservice elementary teachers’ strategy use in two-digit subtraction.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are preservice elementary teachers’ strategies measured?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Strategy use is measured operationally using a written questionnaire.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Do preservice elementary teachers use only previously known strategies?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The paper indicates that strategies used by PETs are largely included in the research literature for elementary pupils, but PETs also use additional strategies beyond those listed, which are presented and discussed.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},588240,1792172018,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41,"preview_page_count":4},962085564549,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","PRESERVICE ELEMENTARY TEACHERS’ MENTAL COMPUTATION STRATEGY USE IN SUBTRACTION ON TWO  \nDIGIT NATURAL NUMBERS  \nAnders MÅNSSON  \nAbstract: In this paper it is investigated if the mental computation strategies in the research literature are enough to satisfactorily categorize the mental computation strategy use by preservice elementary teachers (PETs) in subtraction on two-digit natural numbers. The PETs’ use of mental computation strategies is measured operationally with a written questionnaire. The paper indicates that the strategies used by PETs are generally seen contained in the research literature on elementary school pupils’ mental computation strategy use, but that there are additional strategies used by PETs, which are presented and discussed in the paper.  \nKey words: mental computation strategy, preservice elementary teacher, subtraction, written questionnaire.  \n1. Introduction  \nMental computation is part of the elementary school curricular content globally, and in recent years there have in many countries been an increased focus on mental computation in elementary schoolteacher education (Csíkos, 2016; Hartnett, 2007; Lemonidis et al, 2014) . There are many advantages of becoming better at mental computation, for example that it improves number sense (Hajra & Kofman, 2017; Heirdsfield et al, 2002, 2011), it gives a better understanding of the place value system and elementary calculation rules (Gürbüz & Erdem, 2016; Maclellan, 2001; Reys, 1984, 1992; Sowder, 1990, 1992, 1994), and it is often involved in everyday use of mathematics (Baranyai et al, 2019a; Thompson, 2010) . Mental computation strategies in connection to elementary school pupils have been well researched, but less so in connection to preservice elementary teachers (PETs) . In this article the latter group’s strategy use will be investigated. A brief background to mental computation is given in section 2.1−2.4 before stating the research question in section 3.1.  \n2. Mental computation  \n2. 1. What is mental computation?  \nIn the research literature one can find different definitions of mental computation, or synonyms such as mental calculation, mental math, and mental arithmetic (Lemonidis, 2016; QCA, 1999; Sowder, 1988; Thompson, 1999). An overarching trait among the definitions, and the one that will be used in this paper, is calculating without use of any equipment (Baranyai et al, 2019b; Lopez, 2014 ; McIntosh & Dole, 2000; Reys et al, 1995) .  \n2. 2. What is a mental computation strategy?  \nMental computation strategies are different ways that arithmetic problems are solved mentally (Hartnett, 2007; Threlfall, 2000, 2002) . For example, to calculate 45 − 32 one can subtract the tens and ones separately (40 − 30 = 10 and 5 − 2 = 3) and then add the results (10 + 3 = 13), which is a mental computation strategy called 1010 (“ten-ten”) . Some strategies are more general like this, while others are more dependent on coincidences in the calculation such that 36 is the double of 18 in the calculation 36 − 18. Mental computation strategies which elementary school pupils use to calculate with natural numbers up to 100 have been well researched and documented for addition and subtraction (Beishuizen, 1993; Blöte et al, 2000; Heirdsfield, 1997, 2001; Klein & Beishuizen, 1998) . Some of these strategies  \nhave official names, such as SA (standard algorithm done mentally), 1010 (separately adding tens and ones), N10 (stringing), N10C (stringing with compensation), A10 (bridging through multiples of ten), and B (balancing) . There exist variants of these definitions and their names, but generally there is consensus on what they should mean (Heirdsfield, 2004; Varol & Farran, 2007) . Elementary school pupils’ use of mental computation strategies for multiplication and division has been researched to a lesser degree (Callingham, 2005; Heirdsfield et al, 1999; Murray et al, 1994; Oliver et al, 1991) . There are fewer studies on preservice elementary teachers’ (","cbCaii7djhCmPEVB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaii7djhCmPEVB","pdf",385415,12,"English","# Introduction\n## Mental computation\n## Mental computation strategy\n## Why learn mental computation strategies\n## Why should preservice elementary teachers study mental computation strategies","[{\"question\":\"What is the research question of the paper?\",\"answer\":\"The study investigates whether existing research literature provides enough mental computation strategy categories to classify preservice elementary teachers’ strategy use in two-digit subtraction.\"},{\"question\":\"How are preservice elementary teachers’ strategies measured?\",\"answer\":\"Strategy use is measured operationally using a written questionnaire.\"},{\"question\":\"Do preservice elementary teachers use only previously known strategies?\",\"answer\":\"The paper indicates that strategies used by PETs are largely included in the research literature for elementary pupils, but PETs also use additional strategies beyond those listed, which are presented and discussed.\"}]","PRESERVICE ELEMENTARY TEACHERS’ MENTAL COMPUTATION STRATEGY USE IN SUBTRACTION ON TWO DIGIT NATURAL NUMBERS - Investigates | PDF",1792064821]