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Students from three groups answered pre- and post-test surveys about the autism-vaccine connection and public health aspects of global warming and natural selection. Post-test items included public health-related information and required written rationales, then responses were categorized as evidence-based or non-evidence-based. Significant gains in evidence-based responses emerged only for the natural selection question across all groups, supporting a public-health framing strategy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/presenting-global-warming-and-evolution-as-public-health-issues-to-encourage-acceptance-of-scientific-evidence-article/594540/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/presenting-global-warming-and-evolution-as-public-health-issues-to-encourage-acceptance-of-scientific-evidence-article/594540.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aldword","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What hypothesis does the study test about scientific viewpoints?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"It tests whether people become more receptive to scientific viewpoints when evidence for evolution and global warming is presented as issues of public health.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How were students’ responses evaluated in the study?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Responses were categorized as either evidence-based or non-evidence-based based on answers given in pre- and post-test surveys.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"Which topic showed the clearest change from pretest to posttest?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"The natural selection question produced significantly different post-test responses from pretest responses, with more evidence-based responses across all student groups.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},594540,1792079349,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":138,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":46},2336478940917,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","ARTICLES  \nPresenting Global Warming and Evolution as Public Health Issues to Encourage Acceptance of Scientific Evidence  \nShawn K. Stover1*, Laurence B. McArthur1, and Michelle L. Mabry2  \n1Davis & Elkins College, 100 Campus Drive, Elkins, WV 26241, 2Lenoir-Rhyne University, P.O. Box  \n7203, Hickory, NC 28603  \n*Corresponding Author: [stovers@dewv.edu](stovers@dewv.edu)  \nAbstract: Although evidence supporting anthropogenic global warming and evolution by natural selection is considerable, the public does not embrace these concepts. The current study explores the hypothesis that individuals will become more receptive to scientific viewpoints if evidence for evolution and implications of global warming are presented as issues of public health. Non-science majors, nursing students, and freshman biology majors from two similar institutions answered pre-and post-test survey questions addressing the autism-vaccine connection, public health issues related to global warming, and public health issues associated with evolution by natural selection. Pretest questions elicited simple yes/no responses, whereas post-test questions were presented with relevant public health-related information and required students to articulate specific rationales. Student responses were categorized as either “evidence-based” or “non-evidence-based.” Only the natural selection question produced post-test responses that were significantly different from pretest responses. There were significantly more post-test“evidence-based” responses to the natural selection question in all three student groups. Results indicate that the presentation of controversial topics, particularly evolution, in the context of public health could be used to encourage public acceptance of scientific viewpoints.  \nKey words: Global warming, evolution, autism, public health  \nINTRODUCTION  \nThe Pew Research Center for the People and the Press (PRCPP) is an independent opinion research group that studies attitudes toward the press, politics, and public policy issues. In collaboration with the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the PRCPP conducted a phone survey of 2,001 adults from April 28 to May 12, 2009 to assess public perceptions of specific scientific issues. On the issue of global warming, 11% of those surveyed claim there is no evidence that the earth is warming. While 85% acknowledge the warming trend, only 49% agree that the warming is due to human activity. Thirty-six percent of the surveyed adults believe that the warming is part of a natural cycle. Regarding the topic of evolution, 31% of those surveyed reject the concept outright. While 61% acknowledge the evolution of living organisms, only 32% agree that evolution is due to the process of natural selection. Twenty-two percent of the surveyed adults believe that evolution is guided by a“supreme being.” Although public perceptions of certain issues seem incongruent with scientific evidence, the public, in general, seems to respect the scientific process. Eighty-four percent of those surveyed believe that science has produced knowledge that benefits society. When asked for specific examples, 52% cite advances in public health, including the development of vaccines. When  \nasked directly whether vaccination of children should be required, 69% of those surveyed answer in the affirmative (PRCPP, 2009) . Clearly, the public is very supportive of healthcare-related science.  \nPerhaps they would be more likely to accept evidence-based explanations of more controversial scientific issues if those issues were presented in the context of public health.  \nIn the last decade, an anti-vaccine movement has received considerable media attention (Judelsohn, 2007) . Included in the movement are those who blame the MMR (mumps-measles-rubella) vaccine for an apparent autism epidemic. Autism is a neurological disorder, typically diagnosed early in life, involving severe deficits in social skills and behavior (Novel","cbCaisSWhPyXxjy6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisSWhPyXxjy6","pdf",124137,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Public perceptions of global warming and evolution\n## Autism-vaccine controversy and evidence assessment\n## Framing controversial science as public health","[{\"question\":\"What hypothesis does the study test about scientific viewpoints?\",\"answer\":\"It tests whether people become more receptive to scientific viewpoints when evidence for evolution and global warming is presented as issues of public health.\"},{\"question\":\"How were students’ responses evaluated in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Responses were categorized as either evidence-based or non-evidence-based based on answers given in pre- and post-test surveys.\"},{\"question\":\"Which topic showed the clearest change from pretest to posttest?\",\"answer\":\"The natural selection question produced significantly different post-test responses from pretest responses, with more evidence-based responses across all student groups.\"}]","Presenting Global Warming and Evolution as Public Health Issues to Encourage Acceptance of Scientific Evidence - Article | PDF"]