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Purposive sampling selected twelve classroom teachers, with one-to-one in-depth interviews as the data collection method. Thematic analysis identified factors including limited confidence and practice opportunities, weak motivation from teachers and parents, insufficient pre-reader books, lack of library support, inadequate phonemic awareness knowledge among teachers, and absence of reading clubs or competitions. Recommendations target confidence building, book provision, parental support, and phonemic-awareness in-service training.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/predominant-factors-contributing-to-low-reading-abilities-of-pupils-at-elsie-lund-basic-school-in-the-tamale-metropolis-ghana/590709/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/predominant-factors-contributing-to-low-reading-abilities-of-pupils-at-elsie-lund-basic-school-in-the-tamale-metropolis-ghana/590709.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of the study on pupils’ reading abilities?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study investigates the predominant factors contributing to low reading abilities of pupils at Elsie Lund Basic School in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were data collected and analyzed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Twelve classroom teachers were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through one-to-one in-depth individual interviews and analyzed thematically.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What factors were identified as contributing to low reading abilities?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Identified factors include pupils’ lack of confidence to practice reading, poor motivation from teachers and parents, lack of pre-reader books and library resources, teachers’ inadequate knowledge of phonemic awareness strategy, and limited reading clubs or competitions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590709,1792189192,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","African Educational Research Journal Vol. 6(4), pp. 273-278, November 2018  \nDOI: 10. 30918/AERJ.64.18.071 ISSN: 2354-2160  \nFull Length Research Paper  \nPredominant factors contributing to low reading abilities of pupils at Elsie Lund Basic School in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana  \nI. Mohammed* and Ofori Amponsah  \nUniversity for Development Studies, Ghana.  \nAccepted 24 October, 2018  \n\n| ABSTRACT\u003Cbr>The purpose of this study was to investigate the predominant factors contributing to low reading abilities of pupils at Elsie Lund Basic School in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. Purposive sampling technique was used to select twelve (12) classroom teachers of the Elsie Lund Basic School. The instrument used to collect data was one-to-one in-depth individual interview. The gathered data were analysed thematically. The analysis of the data showed the following to be the factors contributing to the low reading abilities of the pupils: their lack of confidence to practice how to read in class, poor motivation from teachers and parents to help develop the interest of the pupils in reading, lack of pre-reader books in school and at home, lack of library, teachers inadequate knowledge on phonemic awareness strategy of teaching reading, lack of reading clubs and lack of reading competition among the pupils in the school. Some recommendations were made to ensure an improvement in the reading abilities of the pupils, including: teachers building the confidence level of the pupils in reading through making them read cooperatively, the school authority supplying adequate pre-reader books to facilitate the teaching and learning of reading in the school, parents ensuring adequate supply of pre-reader books at home, parents rewarding and complementing their children for improved reading abilities, the school organising reading competitions among pupils and the school management partnering with the Ghana Education Service to organize in\u003Cbr>service training for all language teachers on phonemic awareness strategy in teaching reading skills. Keywords: Reading, ability, phonemic, reading skills, teaching reading. |\n| --- |\n| *Corresponding author. E-mail: [ssh. mohammed@yahoo.com. Tel:](ssh. mohammed@yahoo.com. Tel:) +233555002049 or +233542417991. |\n\nINTRODUCTION  \nReading is crucial to the academic success of pupils and to the growth of a nation (Oberholzer, 2005; Oyetunji, 2011) . Successful pupils in school are those who develop interest in reading because many of the subjects taught and class assignment given require reading comprehension (Darrel, 2005 ; Grams, 2003) . Darrel (2005) and Oberholzer (2005) highlight that reading is a basic life skill and a cornerstone for success at school and throughout life; therefore, pupils who can read well can function more effectively in everyday school activities (Darrel, 2005 ; Oberholzer, 2005) .  \nIt is believed that reading as well as language competency are both the means and the end to educational achievement (Jordaan, 2011); as such,  \nBotha et al. (2008) state that pupils’ language competence affect their performance in all subjects. If pupils’ reading competencies are poor, then their writing competencies and their comprehension levels would also be poor (Botha et al. , 2008) .  \nWhile it is true that language competency is both the means and the end to educational achievement, the acquisition of its proficiency requires fluent reading nevertheless, fluency in reading is always met with a complex interaction of factors resulting to pupils’ poor reading, learning and achievement (Jordaan, 2011) . According to Botha et al. (2008) one of the complex factors resulting in pupils’ poor reading, learning and achievement are the teachers because most of them are  \nnot trained to teach basic reading. They continued to state that the employment of unqualified language teachers has had a negative impact on the quality of teaching and learning of reading subjects in schools (Botha et al. , 2008) . In additio","cbCaitmNTlWj9ldC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitmNTlWj9ldC","pdf",86659,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Background: reading as academic success and life skill\n## Teacher training and phonological processing\n## Prior studies and contributing factors in different regions\n## Related research on vocabulary and reading comprehension","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the study on pupils’ reading abilities?\",\"answer\":\"The study investigates the predominant factors contributing to low reading abilities of pupils at Elsie Lund Basic School in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana.\"},{\"question\":\"How were data collected and analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Twelve classroom teachers were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through one-to-one in-depth individual interviews and analyzed thematically.\"},{\"question\":\"What factors were identified as contributing to low reading abilities?\",\"answer\":\"Identified factors include pupils’ lack of confidence to practice reading, poor motivation from teachers and parents, lack of pre-reader books and library resources, teachers’ inadequate knowledge of phonemic awareness strategy, and limited reading clubs or competitions.\"}]","Predominant factors contributing to low reading abilities of pupils at Elsie Lund Basic School in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana | PDF",1792070253,15]