[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-295635-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-295635-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","predictor-interactive-open-source-tool-prediction-of-take-over-response-timing-in-semi-automated-driving","PREDICTOR - interactive open-source tool - prediction of take-over response timing in semi-automated driving","","This paper presents PREDICTOR (PREDICting Take-Over Response time), an interactive open-source research software tool to predict when key stages occur during transition of control (take-over) in semi-automated driving. While prior research focused on factors affecting minimum take-over time, the tool addresses how factors influence specific stages. Using an interruption-handling stage framework linked to a database of earlier studies, PREDICTOR simulates and visualizes reaction-time distributions, quantifies outliers, and supports scenario exploration and user-defined dependent variables.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/predictor-interactive-open-source-tool-prediction-of-take-over-response-timing-in-semi-automated-driving/295635/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/predictor-interactive-open-source-tool-prediction-of-take-over-response-timing-in-semi-automated-driving/295635.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Maya Linwood","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-24","2026-09-18",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",9,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is PREDICTOR designed to do in semi-automated driving?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"PREDICTOR predicts the timing of stages within the transition-of-control (take-over) process and supports interactive simulation of expected reaction-time distributions.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How does PREDICTOR model the take-over process?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"It applies a theoretical framework that treats take-over as interruption handling through a series of stages, then links this theory to a database summarizing results from prior take-over studies.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What kinds of factors can PREDICTOR evaluate?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It can model how specific human factors (e.g., alert modality and alert onset time) impact distinct stages of the take-over response process.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},295635,1789721145,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":80,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962084928432,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","1 Janssen, C.P., Praetorius, L., Borst, J.P. (in press 2024) . PREDICTOR: a tool to predict the  \n2 timing of the take-over response process in semi-automated driving. Transportation Research  \n3 Interdisciplinary Perspectives 4  \n5  \n6 Notice:  \n7 • This article is a pre-print, and is provided for non-commercial use only. Please cite the  \n8 original source when referring to it.  \n9 • This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in Transportation Research  \n10 Interdisciplinary Perspectives. It is not the copy of record.  \n11 • You can find the journal website here:  \n12 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/transportation-research-interdisciplinary-perspectives](https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/transportation-research-interdisciplinary-perspectives)[ ](https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/transportation-research-interdisciplinary-perspectives)13  \n14  \n15  \n16 PREDICTOR: a tool to predict the timing of the take-over  \n17 response process in semi-automated driving  \n18 Christian P. Janssen 1*  \n19 Leonard Praetorius2  \n20 Jelmer P. Borst2 21  \n22 1 :  \n23 Experimental Psychology & Helmholtz Institute  \n24 Utrecht University  \n25 Heidelberglaan 1 , room H0.52  \n26 3584 CS Utrecht  \n27 The Netherlands  \n28 *: Corresponding author: [c.p.janssen@uu.nl](c.p.janssen@uu.nl)[ ](c.p.janssen@uu.nl)29  \n30 2:  \n31 Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence  \n32 University of Groningen  \n33 Bernoulliborg, room 320  \n34 Nijenborgh 9  \n35 9747 AG Groningen  \n36 The Netherlands  \n37  \n38  \n39 Declarations of interest: none 40  \n41 Funding acknowledgement: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding  \n42 agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.  \n43  \n44 Credit statement:  \n45 Christian Janssen: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project 46 administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and  \n47 editing. Leonard Praetorius: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, 48 Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review and editing. Jelmer  \n49 Borst: Methodology, Software, Supervision, Writing – review and editing.  \n50  \n51 ABSTRACT  \n52 This paper presents PREDICTOR (PREDICting Take-Over Response time): an interactive  \n53 open-source research software tool to predict the timing of various stages of a transition of  \n54 control, or take-over, in semi-automated driving. Although previous work has investigated  \n55 extensively what factors affect the minimum time needed for a successful take-over by the  \n56 driver, less is known about how specific stages within the take-over process are affected by  \n57 those factors. PREDICTOR applies a theoretical framework that describes the take-over  \n58 process as interruption handling through a series of stages. It then ties this theory to a  \n59 database that summarizes results from previous take-over studies. PREDICTOR can be used  \n60 to interactively predict through simulation how specific human factors (e.g., alert modality, 61 alert onset time) impact four distinct stages ofthe take-over response process. The tool  \n62 simulates and visualizes expected reaction time distributions for each stage of the take-over  \n63 process. The use of distributions also highlights the likelihood of an accident – as long  \n64 responses (“outliers”) are quantifiable. Moreover, it can help understand at which stage  \n65 drivers might take relatively longer or shorter, and which stages are most impacted by a  \n66 specific factor (e.g., alert modality) . PREDICTOR also allows users to add their own data, 67 and to define their own dependent variables for analysis. As a tool that allows exploration of  \n68 various scenarios, PREDICTOR can aid in the prediction and analysis of potential future  \n69 accidents.  \n70  \n71  \n72 Keyword: Transitions of Control; Take-over Request; Cognitive Model; Interruption  \n73 ","cbCaievElYUthtzP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaievElYUthtzP","pdf",1233716,45,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1 Introduction\n## Background on semi-automated vehicles and transition of control\n## Take-over request and prior meta-review findings","[{\"question\":\"What is PREDICTOR designed to do in semi-automated driving?\",\"answer\":\"PREDICTOR predicts the timing of stages within the transition-of-control (take-over) process and supports interactive simulation of expected reaction-time distributions.\"},{\"question\":\"How does PREDICTOR model the take-over process?\",\"answer\":\"It applies a theoretical framework that treats take-over as interruption handling through a series of stages, then links this theory to a database summarizing results from prior take-over studies.\"},{\"question\":\"What kinds of factors can PREDICTOR evaluate?\",\"answer\":\"It can model how specific human factors (e.g., alert modality and alert onset time) impact distinct stages of the take-over response process.\"}]","PREDICTOR - interactive open-source tool - prediction of take-over response timing in semi-automated driving | PDF",113]