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An integrated theoretical model combines the Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM) and Uses and Gratifications (U&G), with perceived human likeness as a mediator. Based on a survey of 134 participants from Al Buraimi University College, the results show expectation confirmation and satisfaction strongly shape technology adoption through human likeness, while entertainment value, informativeness, and low web irritation also relate to adoption. Informativeness gratification shows a negative indicator for predicting actual use, suggesting educational institutions should adapt courses to promote effective AI use.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/predicting-the-actual-use-of-artificial-intelligence-features-of-apple-vision-pro-using-pls-sem/600482/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/predicting-the-actual-use-of-artificial-intelligence-features-of-apple-vision-pro-using-pls-sem/600482.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"OmBimo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What theoretical model does the study use to predict actual use of AVP AI features?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It integrates the Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM) and Uses and Gratifications (U&G), with perceived human likeness as a mediating factor.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the data collected and from whom?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A survey was distributed to 134 participants from Al Buraimi University College, Oman, covering departments in English, linguistics, and information technology.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which factors significantly influence users’ adoption of AVP’s AI features?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Expectation and satisfaction are pivotal through human likeness, and entertainment value, informativeness, and the lack of web irritations significantly influence technology adoption.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600482,1792660149,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31},962090893581,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Contemporary Educational Technology, 2025, 17(3), ep580  \n ISSN: 1309-517X (Online)   \n OPEN ACCESS  Research Article  \nPredicting the actual use of artificial intelligence features of Apple Vision Pro using PLS-SEM  \nRana Saeed Al-Maroof 1  \n 0000-0003-4408-7710  \nRagad M. Tawafak 2  \n 0000-0001-8969-1642  \nWaleed Mugahed Al-Rahmi 3*  \n 0000-0002-0980-7439  \nKhadijah Amru Alhashmi 4  \n 0009-0002-5883-5062  \nIbrahim YaussefAlyoussef 5  \n 0000-0002-5112-6813  \n1 Department of English Language & Linguistics, Al Buraimi University College, Al Buraimi, OMAN  \n2 Department of Information Technology, Al Buraimi University College, Al Buraimi, OMAN  \n3 Department of Management Information System, College of Business Administration, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh SAUDI ARABIA  \n4 Department of Educational Policies, College of Education, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, SAUDI ARABIA  \n5 Education Technology, Faculty of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, SAUDI ARABIA  \n* [Corresponding author:](Corresponding author: waleed.alrahmi@dau.edu.sa)[ waleed.alrahmi@dau.edu.sa](Corresponding author: waleed.alrahmi@dau.edu.sa)  \nCitation: Al-Maroof, R. S., Tawafak, R. M., Al-Rahmi, W. M., Alhashmi, K. A., & Alyoussef, I. Y. (2025) . Predicting the actual use of artificial intelligence features of Apple Vision Pro using PLS-SEM. Contemporary Educational Technology, 17(3), ep580 .  \n[https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/16208](https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/16208)  \nARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT  \nReceived: 20 Nov 2024  \nAccepted: 3 Mar 2025  \nDespite the spread of artificial intelligence (AI) tools and applications, the Apple Vision Pro (AVP) stands out for its innovative features compared to other types of wearable technology. Moreover, traditional glasses have been deficient in incorporating many AI innovations that could enhance user experiences and pose new challenges. In response to these innovative aspects, this study aims to develop a theoretical model by integrating constructs from the expectation confirmation model (ECM) (expectation confirmation and satisfaction [SAT]) and aspects from the Uses and Gratifications (U&G) theory. The perceived human likeness of AI mediates the model. This study focuses on the educational domain, aiming to assess how this technology enhances the academic environment and improves learning outcomes. The method used was a survey distributed among 134 participants from Al Buraimi University College, Oman, for two departments: English, linguistics, and information technology. The study consists of seven hypotheses to emphasize the conceptual model. The findings significantly impact predicting the actual use (AU) of AI features of AVP, indicating that users’ expectations and SAT play a pivotal role in technology adoption and are closely linked to the variable human likeness. Similarly, factors such as entertainment value, informativeness, and the lack of web irritations significantly influence technology adoption and are associated with the human likeness variable. However, Informativeness gratification failed to pass the proposal and showed a negative indicator for predicting the AU of AI. The implications drawn from these results suggest that educational institutions should tailor their courses and curricula to promote the effective use of AI.  \nKeywords: Apple Vision Pro, vision, ECM, U&G theory, human likeness  \nINTRODUCTION  \nApple Vision Pro (AVP) is considered part of the wearable technology that is predicted to form a kind of extension of the human body and mind. AVP is regarded as a bridge between technology and artificial intelligence (AI), where reality and virtual merge because it blends digital content with physical space. Users can navigate simply by using their eyes, hands and voices (Tatnall, 2020) . AVP enables users to browse the web, chat in messages, and create a to-do list while staying present in the world around them. The advancements in AVP are tremendous and revolutionizing due to its","cbCaifbIw7v9MENE","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifbIw7v9MENE","pdf",433474,"English","# Article Info\n## Abstract\n## Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What theoretical model does the study use to predict actual use of AVP AI features?\",\"answer\":\"It integrates the Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM) and Uses and Gratifications (U\\u0026G), with perceived human likeness as a mediating factor.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the data collected and from whom?\",\"answer\":\"A survey was distributed to 134 participants from Al Buraimi University College, Oman, covering departments in English, linguistics, and information technology.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors significantly influence users’ adoption of AVP’s AI features?\",\"answer\":\"Expectation and satisfaction are pivotal through human likeness, and entertainment value, informativeness, and the lack of web irritations significantly influence technology adoption.\"}]","Predicting the actual use of artificial intelligence features of Apple Vision Pro using PLS-SEM | PDF",1792090779]