[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-126986-en":3,"doc-seo-126986-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},126986,687207024643,"Oliver","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2",8,"Research & Report","Predicting Compressed Earth Blocks Compressive Strength by Means of Machine Learning Models","Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB) are an unfired masonry alternative offering thermal comfort, but their compressive strength must be evaluated to ensure mechanical stability. Strength depends on soil variability and manufacturing parameters including water content, compaction pressure, and stabilizer type and proportion. The study trains machine learning classification models on historical data to predict CEB compressive strength; Voting Classifier achieves the best accuracy of 78%. SHAP identifies compaction pressure and soil granularity as the most decisive features and supports sediment-based CEB assessment at laboratory scale.","| Science Arts &Métiers (SAM)  \u003Cbr>is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers Institute of  \u003Cbr>Technology researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible.   |\n| --- |\n\nThis is an author-deposited version published in:https://sam.ensam.eu  \nHandle ID:.http:/hdl.handle.net/10985/25613  \n\n| To cite this version:  \u003Cbr>Sarah NASSAR,Cédric BAUDRIT,Jacqueline SALIBA,Nadia SAIYOURI-Predicting  \u003Cbr>compressed earth blocks compressive strength by means of machine learning models -  \u003Cbr>Construction and Building Materials -Vol.447,p.138135-2024   |\n| --- |\n\n\n| Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the repository  \u003Cbr>Administrator :scienceouverte@ensam.eu   | Arts rechnoioa  \u003Cbr>et Métiers   |\n| --- | --- |\n\nSarah Nassara,C,,Cédric Baudritb,C,Jacqueline Saliba⁴,Nadia Saiyouria,c  \naUniv.Bordeaux,CNRS,Bordeaux INP,I2M,UMR 5295,Talence F-33400,France  \nbUniv.Bordeaux,CNRS,INRAE,Bordeaux INP,I2M,UMR 5295,USC 1368,Talence F-33400,France  \nArts et Metiers Institute of Technology,CNRS,Bordeaux INP,Hesam Universite,I2M,UMR 5295,Talence F-33400,FrancedCollege of Engineering and Technology,American University of the Middle East,Egaila 54200,Kuwait  \nKeywords:Compressed Earth BlocksCompressive StrengthMachine LearningClassificationSHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)  \n# 1.Introduction\n\nIn the context of the ecological transition,the construction sector isfacing an environmental challenge and seeks alternatives to cementi-tious materials that have an important carbon footprint.Earth con-structions are an interesting option that existed since ancient times andmore than a third of the world's population live today in such con-structions [1].  \nAmong different types of earth constructions,CEB emerged in the20th century [2]and are currently gaining momentum.Their fabricationprocess is simple and does not require firing of the blocks at elevatedtemperatures.They are recyclable [3]and provide interesting hygro-thermal properties.CEB absorb ten times more humidity than firedblocks [4]and reduce the CO₂emissions as demonstrated by Mortonet al.[5].They are a mixture of soil,water,and in some cases,stabilizerscompacted into a mold.Soil extracted locally or dredged sediments canbe used and thus can have very variable properties depending on thelocation of extraction [6,7].Dredged sediments could present spatialand temporal variability since they are deposits of transported insolublematerials issued from the natural environment and surrounding humanactivity and discharges.Therefore,the reuse of such materials is  \nPredicting compressed earth blocks compressive strength by means ofmachine learning models  \nA BST R A CT  \nCompressed Earth Blocks(CEB)are an interesting alternative to conventional masonry units.They are unfiredand provide a thermal comfort in the constructions.However,their compressive strength needs to be assessed toensure a mechanical stability.The latter depends on the soil variability,as wellas several manufacturing pa-rameters such as water content,compaction pressure,stabilizer type and proportion.This is challenging as itrequires time and effort to adapt the parameters to achieve satisfactory results.In this study,machine learningclassification models were trained using historical data for predicting CEB compressive strength.Voting Classifierr(VC)provided the highest performance with an accuracy of 78%.SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)wereused to identify and prioritize the features in the model's decision-making process.The compaction pressure andsoil granularity were the most decisive parameters.VC was also tested to assess the compressive strength ofsediment-based CEB manufactured at the laboratory scale.  \nchallenging and requires testing as their properties are variable and theresulting CEB performance is not promised.Nassar et al.[6]consideredeight locations on the Arcachon Bay in France to investigate the sedi-ments'properties for their reuse in CEB and found","cbCaioWR0xXLuceP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioWR0xXLuceP","pdf",12507441,1,10,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Ecological motivation and role of CEB\n## Role of soil and manufacturing parameters\n## Machine learning approach and interpretability (SHAP)","[{\"question\":\"Why is compressive strength evaluation important for Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB)?\",\"answer\":\"CEB must be assessed to guarantee mechanical stability. Its compressive strength is sensitive to both soil variability and multiple manufacturing parameters.\"},{\"question\":\"Which machine learning method achieved the highest performance in this study?\",\"answer\":\"A Voting Classifier (VC) provided the highest performance, with an accuracy of 78% for predicting CEB compressive strength.\"},{\"question\":\"How were feature influences identified, and which factors were most decisive?\",\"answer\":\"SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) was used to interpret the model decisions. Compaction pressure and soil granularity were identified as the most decisive parameters.\"}]","Predicting Compressed Earth Blocks Compressive Strength by Means of Machine Learning Models | PDF",1785936050,25,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"predicting-compressed-earth-blocks-compressive-strength-by-means-of-machine-learning-models","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/predicting-compressed-earth-blocks-compressive-strength-by-means-of-machine-learning-models/126986/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-22","2026-08-05",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why is compressive strength evaluation important for Compressed Earth Blocks (CEB)?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"CEB must be assessed to guarantee mechanical stability. Its compressive strength is sensitive to both soil variability and multiple manufacturing parameters.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"Which machine learning method achieved the highest performance in this study?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"A Voting Classifier (VC) provided the highest performance, with an accuracy of 78% for predicting CEB compressive strength.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"How were feature influences identified, and which factors were most decisive?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) was used to interpret the model decisions. Compaction pressure and soil granularity were identified as the most decisive parameters.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,116,121,124,129,132,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":134},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]