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Randomized trials were synthesized using a structured TIDieR approach, behaviour change taxonomy coding, and TRAC-based trustworthiness, Cochrane RoB 2 risk of bias, and GRADE certainty. Twenty-four studies (n=7795) showed no overall differences for clinical pregnancy or live birth, while weight and fasting blood glucose decreased.",{"@graph":14,"@context":76},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/preconception-lifestyle-interventions-for-women-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/439103/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/preconception-lifestyle-interventions-for-women-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis/439103.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Margaret","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-02","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":30},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68,72],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"What was the purpose of this systematic review?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"The review aimed to assess the association between intervention characteristics and behaviour change techniques and the effects of preconception lifestyle interventions on fertility, obstetric, foetal, anthropometric, and metabolic outcomes in women planning a pregnancy.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"What studies and outcomes were included?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Randomized controlled trials enrolling women planning a pregnancy were included, comparing lifestyle intervention versus standard minimal care or no intervention. Outcomes covered fertility, obstetric and foetal outcomes, and anthropometric and metabolic measures.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"Did the interventions improve clinical pregnancy or live birth overall?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"No overall difference was found for clinical pregnancy (odds ratio 1.06, 95% CI 0.84–1.35) or live birth (odds ratio 1.17, 95% CI 0.82–1.67) with lifestyle intervention.",{"name":73,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Which intervention features were linked to better results?",{"text":75,"@type":63},"Clinical pregnancy odds were higher when interventions were delivered over at least 10 sessions and when they included the behaviour change technique “Adding objects to the environment.” Weight and fasting blood glucose were reduced overall, with greater weight loss in interventions that had a weight-loss aim and in those delivered solely face-to-face.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":78,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":80,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":82,"site_id":7},439103,1790740134,{"code":4,"msg":85,"data":86},"success",[87,91,95,99,104,109,114,118,123,126,130],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":100,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},8,30,"research-report",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":121,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":125},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":129},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":133},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":85,"data":135},{"doc_id":82,"user_id":136,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":115,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":30,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":148,"read_time":149},137451207643,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Human Reproduction Update, 2026, 32(1), 105–127  \n[https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmaf021](https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmaf021)  \nAdvance Access Publication Date: August 22, 2025  \nPreconception lifestyle interventions for women—a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention characteristics and behaviour change techniques  \nSophia Torkel 1, Evangeline Mantzioris 2, Anthony Villani 3, Nicole J. Kellow 4, Dhruv Bhatnagar1, Elaine K. Osei-Safo 1  \n,  \nMargaret McGowan 1, Nur K. Abdul Jafar1, Nadia Bogatzke5, Simon Alesi 1, Tuba Astarcioglu1, Ben W. Mol 6, Robert J. Norman 7, Stephanie Cowan 1, Rui Wang 8,†, Lisa Moran 1, 􀀃 ,†  \n1Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Australia  \n2Clinical and Health Sciences and Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia 3School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia  \n4Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia 5Monash Health, Clayton, Australia  \n6Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia 7Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 8NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia  \n􀀃 Correspondence address. Healthy Lifestyle Research Program, Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, VIC 3168,  \nAustralia. Tel: þ61-3-8572-2854; Fax: þ61-3-9594-7554. E-mail: [lisa.moran@monash.edu](lisa.moran@monash.edu)  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5772-6484 †These authors share joint senior authorship.  \n\n| TABLE OF CONTENTS |\n| --- |\n| • Introduction\u003Cbr>• Methods\u003Cbr>Search strategy\u003Cbr>Eligibility criteria\u003Cbr>Study selection\u003Cbr>Data extraction\u003Cbr>Coding of behaviour change techniques Risk of bias and trustworthiness assessment Synthesis methods\u003Cbr>Assessment of certainty of the evidence\u003Cbr>• Results\u003Cbr>Characteristics of included studies Risk of bias of included studies\u003Cbr>Interventions\u003Cbr>Outcomes\u003Cbr>• Discussion\u003Cbr>Summary of key findings\u003Cbr>Interpretation and implications\u003Cbr>Strengths and limitations\u003Cbr>• Conclusion |\n\nReceived: October 4, 2024. Revised: July 9, 2025. Editorial decision: July 30, 2025.  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.  \nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \nGRAPHICAL ABSTRACT  \nEffectiveness of preconception lifestyle interventions on weight and clinical pregnancy can be enhanced by selection of effective intervention characteristics and behaviour change techniques.  \nABSTRACT  \nBACKGROUND: The time before conception is an important opportunity to improve maternal lifestyle, and hence improve fertility and health. However, the components of effective preconception lifestyle interventions are unclear.  \nOBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE: This review aimed to assess the association of intervention characteristics and behaviour change techniques with the effect of lifestyle interventions on fertility, obstetric, foetal, anthropometric, and metabolic outcomes in women planning a pregnancy. Understanding the optimal components of preconception lifestyle interventions is essential to improve success of future interventions.  \nSEARCH METHODS: We searched Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Emcare, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL (6 December 2024). We included randomized controlled trials on women planning a pregnancy which assessed the effect of lifestyle intervention compared to standard minimal care or no intervention on fertility, obstetric, foetal, anthropometric, and m","cbCaipDqwD8aEIN1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipDqwD8aEIN1","pdf",2675570,23,"English","# Introduction\n# Methods\n## Search strategy\n## Eligibility criteria\n## Study selection\n## Data extraction\n## Coding of behaviour change techniques\n## Risk of bias and trustworthiness assessment\n## Synthesis methods\n## Assessment of certainty of the evidence\n# Results\n## Characteristics of included studies\n## Risk of bias of included studies\n## Interventions\n## Outcomes\n# Discussion\n## Summary of key findings\n## Interpretation and implications\n## Strengths and limitations\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of this systematic review?\",\"answer\":\"The review aimed to assess the association between intervention characteristics and behaviour change techniques and the effects of preconception lifestyle interventions on fertility, obstetric, foetal, anthropometric, and metabolic outcomes in women planning a pregnancy.\"},{\"question\":\"What studies and outcomes were included?\",\"answer\":\"Randomized controlled trials enrolling women planning a pregnancy were included, comparing lifestyle intervention versus standard minimal care or no intervention. Outcomes covered fertility, obstetric and foetal outcomes, and anthropometric and metabolic measures.\"},{\"question\":\"Did the interventions improve clinical pregnancy or live birth overall?\",\"answer\":\"No overall difference was found for clinical pregnancy (odds ratio 1.06, 95% CI 0.84–1.35) or live birth (odds ratio 1.17, 95% CI 0.82–1.67) with lifestyle intervention.\"},{\"question\":\"Which intervention features were linked to better results?\",\"answer\":\"Clinical pregnancy odds were higher when interventions were delivered over at least 10 sessions and when they included the behaviour change technique “Adding objects to the environment.” Weight and fasting blood glucose were reduced overall, with greater weight loss in interventions that had a weight-loss aim and in those delivered solely face-to-face.\"}]","Preconception lifestyle interventions for women - A systematic review and meta-analysis | PDF",1790687466,58]