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EM fields can finely regulate core cellular homeostatic processes—including proliferation, apoptosis, and repair—by tuning frequency, intensity, and exposure duration. This review consolidates mechanisms of EM influence on cancer cell behavior and details recent high-throughput electromagnetic modulation platforms. It further examines how EM modulation can integrate with AI, immunotherapy, and nanotechnology to improve targeting precision, immune activation, and overall therapeutic performance, supported by systematic analysis of clinical studies.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/precise-electromagnetic-modulation-of-the-cell-cycle-and-its-applications-in-cancer-therapy/367461/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/precise-electromagnetic-modulation-of-the-cell-cycle-and-its-applications-in-cancer-therapy/367461.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Alex Sinclair","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main therapeutic concept of precise electromagnetic modulation in cancer treatment?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It uses electromagnetic frequencies to regulate cell cycle progression, selectively inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which cell cycle processes can EM fields influence?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"EM modulation can regulate key homeostatic mechanisms such as proliferation, apoptosis, and repair by tuning parameters like frequency, intensity, and duration.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does this review position EM modulation for clinical translation?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It summarizes mechanisms and recent platforms, then analyzes existing clinical studies to argue that EM modulation can address challenges such as tumor heterogeneity, microenvironment complexity, and treatment-related adverse effects.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},367461,1791027245,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1099523882182,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Review  \nPrecise Electromagnetic Modulation of the Cell Cycle and Its Applications in Cancer Therapy  \nKeni Shi 1,2,†, Xiqing Peng 1,2, Ting Xu 1,2,†, Ziqi Lin 2, Mingyu Sun 2, Yiran Li 2, Qingyi Xian 2, Tingting Xiao 2, Siyuan Chen 2, Ying Xie 2, Ruihan Zhang 2, Jincheng Zeng 3,4, * and Bingzhe Xu 1,2, *  \nAcademic Editor: Manlio Tolomeo  \nReceived: 14 March 2025  \nRevised: 17 April 2025  \nAccepted: 2 May 2025  \nPublished: 7 May 2025  \nCitation: Shi, K.; Peng, X.; Xu, T.; Lin, Z.; Sun, M.; Li, Y.; Xian, Q.; Xiao, T.; Chen, S.; Xie, Y.; et al. Precise Electromagnetic Modulation of the Cell Cycle and Its Applications in Cancer Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 4445. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)ijms26094445  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) .  \n1 School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China; [shikn@mail2.sysu.edu.cn](shikn@mail2.sysu.edu.cn) (K.S.)  \n2 School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China  \n3 Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China  \n4 Xinghai Institute of Cell, Dongguan 523808, China  \n* Correspondence: [zengjc@gdmu.edu.cn](zengjc@gdmu.edu.cn) (J.Z.); [xubzh5@mail.sysu.edu.cn](xubzh5@mail.sysu.edu.cn) (B.X.)† These authors contributed equally to this work.  \nAbstract: Precise modulation of the cell cycle via electromagnetic (EM) control presents a groundbreaking approach for cancer therapy, especially in the development of personalized treatment strategies. EM fields can precisely regulate key cellular homeostatic mechanisms such as proliferation, apoptosis, and repair by finely tuning parameters like frequency, intensity, and duration. This review summarizes the mechanisms through which EM fields influence cancer cell dynamics, highlighting recent developments in high-throughput electromagnetic modulation platforms that facilitate precise cell cycle regulation. Additionally, the integration of electromagnetic modulation with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, immunotherapy, and nanotechnology is explored, collectively enhancing targeting precision, immune activation, and therapeutic efficacy. A systematic analysis of existing clinical studies indicates that EM modulation technology significantly overcomes key challenges such as tumor heterogeneity, microenvironment complexity, and treatment-related adverse effects. This review summarizes the prospects of electromagnetic modulation in clinical translation and future research directions, emphasizing its critical potential as a core element in individualized and multimodal cancer treatment strategies.  \nKeywords: electromagnetic modulation; cell cycle control; cancer therapy; personalized treatment; tumor microenvironment  \n1. Introduction  \nIn recent years, the incidence and mortality rates of cancer have continued to rise globally, establishing it as a major public health concern and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality [1] . Conventional cancer treatments, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, though effective in controlling disease progression, possess considerable limitations. Surgical procedures often cannot fully excise all cancerous tissues and may cause significant harm to surrounding healthy tissues, affecting organ function [2] . Radiotherapy and chemotherapy, while crucial, are non-specific and may inadvertently damage healthy cells, leading to severe side effects and complications (Figure 1a","cbCainTOiXbjLLXo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainTOiXbjLLXo","pdf",2704857,25,"English","# Introduction\n## Conventional cancer treatments and limitations\n## Cell cycle as a therapeutic target\n## Precise electromagnetic modulation in cancer therapy","[{\"question\":\"What is the main therapeutic concept of precise electromagnetic modulation in cancer treatment?\",\"answer\":\"It uses electromagnetic frequencies to regulate cell cycle progression, selectively inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis.\"},{\"question\":\"Which cell cycle processes can EM fields influence?\",\"answer\":\"EM modulation can regulate key homeostatic mechanisms such as proliferation, apoptosis, and repair by tuning parameters like frequency, intensity, and duration.\"},{\"question\":\"How does this review position EM modulation for clinical translation?\",\"answer\":\"It summarizes mechanisms and recent platforms, then analyzes existing clinical studies to argue that EM modulation can address challenges such as tumor heterogeneity, microenvironment complexity, and treatment-related adverse effects.\"}]","Precise Electromagnetic Modulation of the Cell Cycle and Its Applications in Cancer Therapy | PDF",1790170872,63]