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current globalized economic regimes of financialized capital have systematically altered relations of learning and labour through the dynamics of precarity, debt, and the political economy of new wars. The risks of these regimes are absorbed unevenly across transnational landscapes, creating cartographies of violence and dispossession, particularly among youth, indigenous, working class, and racialized women. Presently there is surprisingly little discussion on the relevance of financialization for adult educators. Transnational resistances organizing against neoliberal restructuring, austerity policies, and debt crises are emerging at the sametime that massive investments are being made into homeland security and the carceral state. This paper opens up discussion on the implications of financialized times for educators, and developsan analytic framework for examining how these global realities are best addressed at local sites of adult and higher education.  \nKey words: financialization, imperialism, neo-colonialism  \nJamie Magnusson teaches in the Adult Education and Community Development Program in the Department of Leadership, Higher and Adult Education of the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education at the University of Toronto. Her teaching and scholarship explore the intersections of adult and higher education, neoliberal economic policy, and globalization. Working from a feminist Marxist perspective, her recent research documents how the financialized economy has been affecting women in their pursuit of higher education and their ability to negotiate economic, social, and cultural security.  \nE-mail: [jamielynn.magnusson@utoronto.ca](jamielynn.magnusson@utoronto.ca)  \n[Acknowledgement:](Acknowledgement:)  \nThis paper springs from work presented at the University is Ours conference in Toronto (May, 2012) and papers presented at the Historical Materialism conference in Toronto (May, 2012) and London (November, 2012) . I would like to acknowledge my colleagues within the Marxist Feminist Reading Group lead by Shahrzad Mojab at OISE, University of Toronto. Their collegiality and sharing has contributed enormously to my work on the topic of financialization.  \nBrock Education Volume 22, No. 2, Spring 2013, pp. 69-83  \nJ. Magnusson Precarious Learning and Labour  \nPrecarious Learning and Labour in Financialized Times  \nThe financialization of capital goes hand in hand with the topic of neoliberal economics, and yet has received comparatively little attention. The literature on adult and higher education reflects this trend in that there is by now quite a large literature documenting the consequences of neoliberal economic policy on higher education (e.g. , Slaughter & Rhoades, 2004; Currie & Newson, 1998) . However, there is relatively little literature examining how the financialization of capital has been a significant dynamic shaping adult and higher education. This paper develops some organizing frameworks through which we can better understand the implications of financialization for adult and higher education in terms of its gendered and racialized transnational materialities. The most critical organizing frame introduced in the paper is that which connects financialization to the literature on monopoly finance capital, and the implications for understanding the material underpinnings of ‘the new imperialism’ (Harvey, 2003) .  \nFinancialization can be broadly defined as the increasing importance of financial markets in the sum total of international economic activity (Dore, 2000) . It can also be understood in terms of the importance of the stock market with regard to capital accumulation. Accumulation in stock market terms entails beating a game of averages, and in the late twentieth century, particularly after the dissolution of the direct convertibility of the U.S. dollar to gold, being ahead in the g","cbCaio3Ug0BJJj0b","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaio3Ug0BJJj0b","pdf",1521972,15,"English","# Abstract\n## Financialization and Adult/Higher Education\n## Defining Financialization\n## Monopoly Finance Capital and New Imperialism\n## Imperialism, Neocolonialism, and Transnational Power","[{\"question\":\"What does the paper identify as key dynamics linking financialization to learning and labour?\",\"answer\":\"It connects financialization to precarity and debt, shaped by the political economy of new wars, which reconfigures relations of learning and labour.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the author define financialization?\",\"answer\":\"Financialization is described as the increasing importance of financial markets in overall international economic activity and its role in capital accumulation, including stock-market-based strategies and speculation.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the paper emphasize monopoly finance capital and imperialism for adult education?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that linking financialization to monopoly finance capital is crucial for understanding the organization of neocolonialism as imperialism and for analyzing gendered and racialized transnational materialities affecting adult education.\"}]","Precarious Learning and Labour in Financialized Times | PDF",1792079397,38]