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It explains that vectors represent both magnitude and direction, and shows how phasor diagrams encode phase using angles in degrees across a 360° cycle. It provides drawing guidelines such as reference placement at zero degrees, open versus closed arrowheads for voltage and current, and labeling by phase. The session connects these concepts to watthour metering via power-factor and phase-angle relationships, including coil placement effects on phase sequence.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/practical-use-of-vectors-in-electric-metering-june-11-2024-metering/656894/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/practical-use-of-vectors-in-electric-metering-june-11-2024-metering/656894.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"kopisore","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-25",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the fundamental relationship used in metering discussed here?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The document states Watts = Voltage x Current x Power Factor, and expresses it as Watts = V × I × cos(φ).","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do vectors (phasors) represent voltage and current?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Vectors represent a measurement using both magnitude (size) and direction. In diagrams, line length encodes magnitude, and angles encode phase relationships over time in degrees.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What drawing guidelines are given for creating a phasor diagram?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Use a complete 360° circle for one cycle, place one component (typically Phase A voltage) at zero degrees, use open arrowheads for voltage lines and closed arrowheads for current lines, label each voltage/current by phase, and indicate phase rotation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},656894,1793051596,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090880963,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","PRACTICAL USE OF VECTORS  \nIN ELECTRIC METERING  \nPrepared by Perry Lawton, TESCO TESCO Metering  \nNorth Carolina Meter School Advanced  \nTuesday, June 11, 2024  \n8:45 AM  \nMETERING  \nThe most basic statement of metering:  \nWatts = Voltage x Current x Power Factor  \nMathematically: Watts = V 􀁵 I 􀁵 cos􀁔  \nWhat is a Vector?  \nA measurement that takes two numbers to represent. BOTH a magnitude (size) and direction  \nVECTORS OR PHASORS ARE…  \na Symbolic Representation of  \nthe relationship of the voltage and current  \n• Vectors & Vector Diagrams  \n– SIMPLE. Used to Represent Electrical Quantities.  \n– QUICK. Saves time.  \n– Vastly more effective  \n– Also referred to as “Phasors”  \nREPRESENTING VOLTAGE(E) & CURRENT (I) WITH LINES  \n• Vectors all have MAGNITUDE and DIRECTION  \n• Line length can represent MAGNITUDE.  \n• Line with arrowhead in a given direction indicates that quantity’s relationship to anyother quantity being represented.  \n• DIRECTION: Angles between lines take on significance. They represent time (shown in degrees instead of seconds) .  \nDRAWING THE PHASOR  \nGeneral Guidelines  \n– Complete circle (360 Degrees) equal one cycle of the frequency displayed.  \n– One component (Usually Phase A voltage) becomes the reference and is placed at zero degrees.  \n– Use “open” arrowhead on voltage line(s) .  \n– Use “closed”(or filled in) arrowhead on current line(s) .  \n– Label all voltages and currents by phase.  \n– Indicate Phase Rotation (counter-clockwise assumed if not noted) .  \n“TIME” IN DEGREES  \n\n| 2\u003Cbr>1\u003Cbr>0\u003Cbr>-1\u003Cbr>-2 | \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Voltage\u003Cbr>Degrees\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Current lags Voltage\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr> Current\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  | \u003Cbr> CCW\u003Cbr>|  | Voltage |  |  |  | by 30 degrees. |  |\n\nCurrent  \n30 °  \n.866 PF  \ntescometering.com  \n6 6  \n“T  \nIME”  \nIN  \nD  \n1  \nEGREES  \n1  \n00  \n-1  \n-2  \n30  \n Voltage  \n360  \nDegrees  \n270°  \n180°  \ntescometering.com  \n0°  \nIa Va  \n90°  \n1 Element  \nV vo lts or Iamps  \n0  \n-1  \nPhase Angle (Degrees)  \n270°  \n6  \n7  \nWATTHOUR METERING  \n• Watthour meter theory review:  \n– If we apply “V” volts and “I” amps to a meter, and the phase angle between the voltage and current is some angle 􀁔 , the meter speed will be proportional to:  \nWatts = V 􀁵 I 􀁵 cos􀁔  \nVECTORIALLY  \nV  \nEXPECTED METER PHASORS  \n(at Power Factor = 1, ABC Phase Sequence)  \n180°  \n0°  \nIa Va  \n90°  \n1 Element  \n270° 270°  \nIc  0° Ia Va  \nIa  \nVa  \n90° 1½ Element  \n90°  \n1 Element  \nPLACING COILS IN ORDER  \n120o  \nDelta Connection A  \nO   120o  \nWye Connection  \nA  120o   \nC O  \nC  \nCoils connected together and placed on an alternator in order  \nO  \nOA, OB, and OC  \n(Changing Coil order changes Sequence)  \nB","cbCaimGW0bNCxV7k","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimGW0bNCxV7k","pdf",4674577,66,"English","# Vectors and Phasors in Metering\n## Basic Metering Relationship (Watts)\n## What Vectors Represent\n## Representing Voltage and Current with Lines\n## Drawing the Phasor (Guidelines)\n## Time in Degrees\n## Watthour Metering Theory Review\n## Vectorially Expected Meter Phasors\n## Placing Coils in Order (Delta and Wye)","[{\"question\":\"What is the fundamental relationship used in metering discussed here?\",\"answer\":\"The document states Watts = Voltage x Current x Power Factor, and expresses it as Watts = V × I × cos(φ).\"},{\"question\":\"How do vectors (phasors) represent voltage and current?\",\"answer\":\"Vectors represent a measurement using both magnitude (size) and direction. In diagrams, line length encodes magnitude, and angles encode phase relationships over time in degrees.\"},{\"question\":\"What drawing guidelines are given for creating a phasor diagram?\",\"answer\":\"Use a complete 360° circle for one cycle, place one component (typically Phase A voltage) at zero degrees, use open arrowheads for voltage lines and closed arrowheads for current lines, label each voltage/current by phase, and indicate phase rotation.\"}]","PRACTICAL USE OF VECTORS IN ELECTRIC METERING - June 11, 2024 - Metering | PDF",1792971344,166]