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Semen from seven bucks was collected by artificial vagina about six weeks before breeding, extended with warm soy-lecithin semen extender, transported chilled, centrifuged at 4 °C, adjusted to 800×10^6 spermatozoa/mL, straw-filled (0.25 mL), and frozen above liquid nitrogen. Resulting thawed samples showed acceptable quality across all seven bucks, including 55 ± 21% motility and >90% normal morphology, with fragmented chromatin at 3.27 ± 1.39%, followed by transfer to a gamete bank.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/practical-method-for-freezing-buck-semen/500214/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/practical-method-for-freezing-buck-semen/500214.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Well Done","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-10-03",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is selecting a suitable cryopreservation protocol for buck semen difficult in practice?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Existing protocols differ widely in collection timing, semen collection method, extender type and sperm concentration, making it hard to identify one that fits a specific on-farm situation.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the semen collected and transported before freezing in this study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Semen was collected by artificial vagina from seven bucks, immediately extended in warm soy-lecithin semen extender, and transported in an insulated box with a cold pack for up to 4 hours.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the key outcomes of the simplified freezing protocol?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"All seven bucks produced acceptable post-thaw quality, with mean post-thaw motility of 55 ± 21%, normal sperm morphology >90% in all ejaculates, and mean fragmented chromatin of 3.27 ± 1.39%.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},500214,1791406762,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},5909892210082,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/56001069da27c9f41e8?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1789614185077863061","animals   \nArticle  \nPractical Method for Freezing Buck Semen  \nJane M. Morrell *, Pongpreecha Malaluang , Theodoros Ntallaris  and Anders Johannisson  \n􀀁􀀂􀀃􀀁􀀄 􀀆􀀇􀀈  \n􀀁􀀂􀀃􀀄􀀅􀀆􀀇  \nCitation: Morrell, J.M.; Malaluang, P.; Ntallaris, T.; Johannisson, A. Practical Method for Freezing Buck Semen. Animals 2022, 12, 352. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/ani12030352](doi.org/10.3390/ani12030352)  \nAcademic Editor: Luisa Bogliolo  \nReceived: 11 January 2022  \nAccepted: 29 January 2022  \nPublished: 1 February 2022  \nPublisher's Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.  \nCopyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nClinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7054, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;  \n[pongpreecha.malaluang@slu.se](pongpreecha.malaluang@slu.se) (P.M.); [theodoros.ntallaris@slu.se](theodoros.ntallaris@slu.se) (T.N.); [anders.johannisson@slu.se](anders.johannisson@slu.se) (A.J.)  \n* [Correspondence: jane.morrell@slu.se](Correspondence: jane.morrell@slu.se)  \nSimple Summary: Goat semen was previously considered to be problematic to freeze because of reactions between the semen and the components of the freezing media that were available at the time. However, there have been reports of several successful attempts to freeze goat semen in recent decades using various protocols, resulting in usable post-thaw sperm samples. In the present study, we adapted some of these methods to suit the particular conditions under which we had to work. We were able to produce thawed samples with acceptable sperm quality which were sent to a sperm bank for long-term storage.  \nAbstract: Although several protocols for cryopreserving buck semen are described in the literature, they differ widely in factors such as season and method of semen collection, extender and sperm concentration. Therefore, choosing a protocol that is suitable for a particular on-farm situation can be problematic. In the present study, semen was collected by artificial vagina from seven bucks on a farm located approximately 90 minutes' drive away from the laboratory, about 6 weeks before the start of the goat breeding season. The semen was immediately extended in warm semen extender containing soy lecithin and was placed in an insulated box with a cold pack for up to 4 h, during semen collection from the remaining bucks and subsequent transport to the laboratory. Following centrifugation at 4 􀀎 C and resuspension in the soy lecithin extender to a sperm concentration of 800 􀀂 106 spermatozoa/mL, 0 .25 mL plastic straws were filled and frozen in racks 4 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen. This simple protocol resulted in an acceptable post-thaw quality for all seven bucks, with a mean post-thaw motility of 55 􀀆 21% and mean fragmented chromatin of 3.27 􀀆 1.39% . Normal sperm morphology was >90% in all ejaculates. The semen was sent to a gamete bank for long-term storage.  \nKeywords: goat sperm cryopreservation; removal of seminal plasma; soy lecithin semen extender; plasma membrane integrity; chromatin integrity  \n1. Introduction  \nThere are relatively few papers on freezing goat semen compared to the considerable volume of literature available for species such as the bull, but the reports that are available for buck semen present a bewildering array of protocols. Some examples are given in Table 1. These protocols differ in timing of semen collection (in or out of the breeding season), semen collection method (artificial vagina or electroejaculation), type of semen extender (containing egg yolk or not), whether or not the seminal plasma should be removed pri","cbCaifYNYXa6DuBk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifYNYXa6DuBk","pdf",559288,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Overview of existing cryopreservation protocols\n## Key factors affecting post-thaw sperm quality\n# Materials and Methods","[{\"question\":\"Why is selecting a suitable cryopreservation protocol for buck semen difficult in practice?\",\"answer\":\"Existing protocols differ widely in collection timing, semen collection method, extender type and sperm concentration, making it hard to identify one that fits a specific on-farm situation.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the semen collected and transported before freezing in this study?\",\"answer\":\"Semen was collected by artificial vagina from seven bucks, immediately extended in warm soy-lecithin semen extender, and transported in an insulated box with a cold pack for up to 4 hours.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the key outcomes of the simplified freezing protocol?\",\"answer\":\"All seven bucks produced acceptable post-thaw quality, with mean post-thaw motility of 55 ± 21%, normal sperm morphology \\u003e90% in all ejaculates, and mean fragmented chromatin of 3.27 ± 1.39%.\"}]","Practical Method for Freezing Buck Semen | PDF",1791009562,25]