[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-116026-en":3,"doc-seo-116026-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":96},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},116026,962085571259,"Theodora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",8,"Research & Report","Practical Guide to Diagnosing Structural Movement in Buildings - Malcolm Holland - A Practical Guide","A practical guide focused on diagnosing structural movement in buildings, with an emphasis on interpreting cracks accurately rather than assuming foundation failure. Covers foundational concepts such as crack patterns, rotational movement, load distribution, movement and orientation, and a stepwise process. Classifies crack causes into those not related to foundations and those tied to foundations and ground movement, then presents repair methods including re-pointing, stitching, reinforcement, tie bars, restraint straps, buttresses, underpinning, grouting, and roof-spread prevention.","m a l c o l m H o l l a n d  \npractical guide todiagnosing structural  \nmovement in buildings  \nPRACTICAL GUIDE TO DIAGNOSING  \nSTRUCTURAL MOVEMENT IN BUILDINGS  \nPRACTICAL GUIDE TO DIAGNOSING STRUCTURAL MOVEMENT IN BUILDINGS  \nMalcolm Holland B.SC (Hons), MRICS  \nA John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication  \nThis edition first published 2012 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd  \nWiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing.  \nRegistered Office  \nJohn Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK  \nEditorial Offices  \n9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK  \nThe Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA  \nFor details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at [www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell](www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell).  \nThe right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, Figurecopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.  \nDesignations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks oftheir respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services ofa competent professional should be sought.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nHolland, Malcolm.  \nPractical guide to diagnosing structural movement in buildings / Malcolm Holland.  \n[p. cm](p. cm).  \nIncludes bibliographical references and index.  \nISBN 978-0-470-65910-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)  \n1. Buildings–Defects. 2. Earth movements and building. 3. Structural analysis (Engineering) 4. Building failures. 5. Buildings–Repair and reconstruction. I. Title.  \nTH441 .H635 2012  \n690′.21–dc23  \n2011051077  \nA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.  \nWiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.  \nCover image courtesy of Shutterstock  \n[Cover design by Edge Creative www.edgecreativestudio.com](Cover design by Edge Creative www.edgecreativestudio.com)  \n[Set in 10/12pt Minion by SPi Publisher Services](Set in 10/12pt Minion by SPi Publisher Services), Pondicherry, India  \nContents  \nIntroduction viii  \nList of Figures xi  \nAcknowledgements xvi  \nPART 1 FIRST PRINCIPLES 1  \n1.1 First Principles 3  \n1.2 Crack Patterns and Cracks 8  \n1.3 Rotational Movement 9  \n1.4 Contra Rotational Movement 11  \n1.5 Weak Routes 14  \n1.6 Load Distribution 22  \n1.7 Movement and Orientation 26  \n1.8 Summary of First Principles and Process 28  \nPART 2 CRACKS IN BUILDINGS NOT RELATED  \nTO FOUNDATIONS 31  \n2.1 Expansion Cracking 33  \n2.2 Cavity Wall Tie Corrosion 44  \n2.3 Corrosion of Metal Built into Walls 53  \n2.4 Vibration of Built in Fixings 57  \n2.5 Roof Spread 60  \n2.6 Springing from Deflected Beams 67  \n2.7 Lack of Lateral Stability 70  \n2.8 Lack of Lateral Stability in Modern Gable Walls 76  \n2.9 Overloaded Beams 79  \n2.10 Absence of Lintels (Beams) Over Open","cbCainhsKiLIMEnD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainhsKiLIMEnD","pdf",31518253,4,1,238,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Part 1 First Principles\n## First Principles\n## Crack Patterns and Cracks\n## Rotational Movement\n## Contra Rotational Movement\n## Weak Routes\n## Load Distribution\n## Movement and Orientation\n## Summary of First Principles and Process\n# Part 2 Cracks in Buildings Not Related to Foundations\n## Expansion Cracking\n## Cavity Wall Tie Corrosion\n## Corrosion of Metal Built into Walls\n## Vibration of Built in Fixings\n## Roof Spread\n## Springing from Deflected Beams\n## Lack of Lateral Stability\n## Lack of Lateral Stability in Modern Gable Walls\n## Overloaded Beams\n## Absence of Lintels Over Openings in Cavity Walls\n## Overloaded Floors\n## Overloaded Walls\n## Differential Movement\n## Arch Thrust and Arch Flattening\n## Load Path Cracking\n## Bulging Due to Decay of Bonding Timbers\n## Bulging and Separation in Solid Brick Walls\n## Separation of Rubble Filled Stone Walls\n## Floor Slab Settlement (Compaction)\n## Load Concentrations\n## Sulphate Attack\n## Concrete Block Shrinkage\n## Shrinkage of Calcium Silicate Bricks\n# Part 3 Cracks Related to Foundations and Ground Movement\n## Introduction\n## Foundation Movement Caused by Clay Shrinkage\n## Clay Heave\n## Seasonal Expansion of Clay Subsoil\n## Eccentric Loading on Foundations\n## Uneven Loading\n## Load Concentrations on Foundations\n## Differential Foundation Movement\n## Initial Settlement after Construction or Alterations\n## Leaking Drains and Water Discharge Near to Buildings\n## Drains and Drain Trenches\n# Part 4 Repair Methods\n## Introduction\n## Re-pointing\n## Re-pointing with Epoxy Mortar\n## Stitching in Brickwork\n## Reinforcing Brick Mortar Joints\n## Tie Bars\n## Restraint Straps\n## Buttresses/Piers\n## Preventing Roof Spread\n## Underpinning\n## Expanding Foam Underpinning\n## Grouting\n## Root Barriers\n# Index","[{\"question\":\"Why do cracks in buildings not always indicate foundation failure?\",\"answer\":\"In most cases, cracking does not stem from subsidence or settlement of the foundations and does not signal a serious defect. The book explains that assumptions should not be made without analysis.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the guide help analyze cracks in a structured way?\",\"answer\":\"It starts with first principles, covering crack patterns, rotational movement, load distribution, and movement/orientation, then provides a summary of the first principles and process for crack analysis.\"},{\"question\":\"What categories of crack causes does the guide use?\",\"answer\":\"Cracks are grouped into those not related to foundations (such as expansion cracking, corrosion, vibration, roof spread, and overloaded elements) and those related to foundations and ground movement (such as clay shrinkage/heave, seasonal expansion, and differential foundation movement).\"},{\"question\":\"What repair methods are covered after diagnosing the structural issue?\",\"answer\":\"The guide includes methods such as re-pointing, epoxy mortar re-pointing, stitching and reinforcing brick joints, tie bars and restraint straps, buttresses/piers, preventing roof spread, underpinning (including expanding foam underpinning), grouting, and root barriers.\"}]","Practical Guide to Diagnosing Structural Movement in Buildings - Malcolm Holland - A Practical Guide | PDF",1785480787,600,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":91,"head_meta":93,"extra_data":95,"updated_unix":29},"practical-guide-to-diagnosing-structural-movement-in-buildings-malcolm-holland-a-practical-guide","",{"@graph":37,"@context":90},[38,54,69],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/practical-guide-to-diagnosing-structural-movement-in-buildings-malcolm-holland-a-practical-guide/116026/",{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":42,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-23","2026-07-31",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82,86],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"Why do cracks in buildings not always indicate foundation failure?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"In most cases, cracking does not stem from subsidence or settlement of the foundations and does not signal a serious defect. The book explains that assumptions should not be made without analysis.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How does the guide help analyze cracks in a structured way?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"It starts with first principles, covering crack patterns, rotational movement, load distribution, and movement/orientation, then provides a summary of the first principles and process for crack analysis.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"What categories of crack causes does the guide use?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"Cracks are grouped into those not related to foundations (such as expansion cracking, corrosion, vibration, roof spread, and overloaded elements) and those related to foundations and ground movement (such as clay shrinkage/heave, seasonal expansion, and differential foundation movement).",{"name":87,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":88},"What repair methods are covered after diagnosing the structural issue?",{"text":89,"@type":77},"The guide includes methods such as re-pointing, epoxy mortar re-pointing, stitching and reinforcing brick joints, tie bars and restraint straps, buttresses/piers, preventing roof spread, underpinning (including expanding foam underpinning), grouting, and root barriers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":92,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":94,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":97},[98,102,106,110,115,120,125,128,133,136,140],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":121,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":122,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":124},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},30,"research-report",{"id":129,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":132},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":134,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":135},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":137,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":138,"show_sort_weight":137,"slug":139},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":141,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":142,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":143},19,"General","general"]