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The text explains common misuse of the dash and presents correct usage through example sentences and derived rules, including sudden change of thought, mental disturbance with repeated words, and dash placement after a series or summary. It then introduces the hyphen’s primary functions: dividing words at line ends and forming compound terms, with guidance on how to hyphenate correctly.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/practical-english-and-effective-speech-lesson-fourteen-punctuation-concluded/414965/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/practical-english-and-effective-speech-lesson-fourteen-punctuation-concluded/414965.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aran","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is the dash frequently misused in writing?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It is often used as a careless substitute for a period, inserted where a semicolon is needed, and sprinkled instead of choosing commas appropriately. Many writers also use it when they are uncertain about correct punctuation and do not realize it is a legitimate mark.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What rules govern correct use of the dash?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A dash can signal a sudden and unexpected change in thought, separate words repeated due to mental disturbance, and be used after a series before a summary (and conversely after a summary before a series). These rules are demonstrated using example sentences.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What are the main functions of the hyphen?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The hyphen’s two most important functions are dividing a word at the end of a line and showing the combination of two or more words into a single term that represents a new idea (a compound word).",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"How should words be divided at the end of a line when using hyphens?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"The text emphasizes avoiding undesirable breaks, not ending a line with a one-letter division, not carrying over syllables of two letters except in extreme cases, never dividing a one-syllable word, and dividing on a vowel wherever practicable. It also warns against misleading or strange-looking divisions and provides examples of correct and incorrect splits.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},414965,1791819780,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":36,"language":143,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":147,"read_time":148,"preview_page_count":4},137455076865,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","A NEw SELF-TEACHING CoURSE IN  \nPRACTICAL ENGLISHand Effective Speech  \ncOMPRISING  \nVoCABULARY DEVELOPMENT,GRAMMAR,PRONUNCIATION,ENUNCIATION,  \nAND THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES  \nOF EFFECTIVE ORALEXPRESSION  \nBY  \nEsTELLE B.HUNTER,PH.B.  \nLESSON FOU RTEEN  \nTHE BETTER-SPEECH INSTITUTE  \nOF AMERICA  \n307 North Michigan Avenue,Chicago,U.S.A.  \nCONTENTS  \nPage  \nThe Dash  \nThe Hyphen  \nDivision of Words  \nCompound Words  \nQuotation Marks  \nQuotation Marks and Other Punctuation  \nThe Interrogation Point  \nBrackets and Parentheses  \nThe Exclamation Point  \nENUNCIATION .  .  .  \nEnunciation Exercise 14-A  \nEnunciation Exercise 14-B  \nEnunciation Exercise 14-C  \nEnunciation Exercise 14-D  \nPRONUNCIATION  .·  .·  ·  .  .  .  .  15  \nPronunciation Exercise 14-A  \nPronunciation Exercise 14-B  \nPronunciation Exercise 14-C  \nVoCABULARY DEVELOPMENT ...........20  \nEFFECTIVE ExPRESSION:NARRATION....   .....22  \nKinds of Narration  \nSources of Material  \nThe Elements of Narrative  \nArrangement of Incidents  \nExERCISES FOR LESSON FoURTEEN ...··.27ANSWERS TO ExERCISES ..  ....  ..30  \nCHICAGO  \n# PRACTICAL ENGLISHAND EFFECTIVE SPEECH\n\nLESSON FOURTEENPUNCTUATION(Concluded)  \nITH this lesson we shall conclude our study of punctua-tion,including the dash,the hyphen,quotation marks,the interrogation point,brackets and parentheses,andthe exclamation point.  \n# THE DASH\n\nPerhaps no other punctuation mark is so often misused as thedash.We carelessly use it instead of a period at the end of asentence.We insert it between clauses when we should use a semi-colon.We sprinkle dashes over our manuscripts instead of trou-bling to determine where to place commas.In fact,many of ususe the dash whenever we are uncertain how to punctuate correctly.The result is that few persons have very definite ideas about thecorrect use of this mark of punctuation,and some are actually un-aware that it is a legitimate mark.  \nIn each of the sentences below,the dash is correctly used.Letus study them individually,and deduce for ourselves the rulesgoverning the use of the dash.  \n1.He was always looking for work—-for his wife.  \n2.“I didn't want to—to—here he is now!”exclaimed Larson,asthe door swung open.  \n3.Health,fifteen hundred a year,friends---these were the simpledesires of Stevenson.  \n4.He wrote three books—a history,a novel,and a biography.  \n1.We are tempted to laugh as we read the first sentence.By  \nthe first statement we are led to believe that the man under discus-sion was seeking work for himself,but after the dash we discoverquite unexpectedly that he was seeking work for his wife.Therule illustrated by this sentence is:A sudden and unexpectedchange in thought is preceded by a dash.  \n2.It is evident from the second sentence that Larson wasembarrassed by the unexpected arrival of the man he was dis-cussing.His mental disturbance is shown in his hesitation andrepetition.Hence we have our second rule regarding the use ofthe dash:Words repeated because of mental disturbance are sep-arated by a dash.Notice that the rule given under Sentence l isagain illustrated in the second half of this sentence;namely,asudden change of thought is preceded by a dash.  \n3.Here we have the enumeration of three things at the begin-ning of the sentence.The remainder of the sentence consists of ageneralization that includes all three of the items mentionedpreviously.The two parts of the sentence are separated by a dash,illustrating the following rule:The dash may be used after a seriesand before a summary.  \n4.In this sentence we have our summary in the first part andour individual items in the latter part.The rule covering thissentence is:The dash may be used after a summary and before aseries.This,of course,is merely a reversal of the rule illustratedby the third sentence.  \nTHE HYPHEN  \nThe two most important functions of the hyphen are:(1)todivide a word at the end of a line;(2)to show the combinationof two or more words into a single term(compound word)representing a new idea.Let","cbCaiu3dTAV5xk7a","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiu3dTAV5xk7a","pdf",2300944,"English","# Lesson Fourteen - Punctuation (Concluded)\n## The Dash\n## The Hyphen\n## Division of Words\n## Compound Words\n## Exercises for Lesson Fourteen\n## Answers to Exercises","[{\"question\":\"Why is the dash frequently misused in writing?\",\"answer\":\"It is often used as a careless substitute for a period, inserted where a semicolon is needed, and sprinkled instead of choosing commas appropriately. Many writers also use it when they are uncertain about correct punctuation and do not realize it is a legitimate mark.\"},{\"question\":\"What rules govern correct use of the dash?\",\"answer\":\"A dash can signal a sudden and unexpected change in thought, separate words repeated due to mental disturbance, and be used after a series before a summary (and conversely after a summary before a series). These rules are demonstrated using example sentences.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main functions of the hyphen?\",\"answer\":\"The hyphen’s two most important functions are dividing a word at the end of a line and showing the combination of two or more words into a single term that represents a new idea (a compound word).\"},{\"question\":\"How should words be divided at the end of a line when using hyphens?\",\"answer\":\"The text emphasizes avoiding undesirable breaks, not ending a line with a one-letter division, not carrying over syllables of two letters except in extreme cases, never dividing a one-syllable word, and dividing on a vowel wherever practicable. It also warns against misleading or strange-looking divisions and provides examples of correct and incorrect splits.\"}]","Practical English and Effective Speech - Lesson Fourteen - Punctuation (Concluded) | PDF",1790599452,101]