[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-329237-105":59,"doc-detail-329237-en":134},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":127,"head_meta":129,"extra_data":131,"updated_unix":133},105,"en","practical-criticism-notes","Practical Criticism - Notes","","Practical Criticism (1920s–1930s, Cambridge, England) focuses on close textual analysis to cultivate objective, disciplined reading. Developed by I. A. Richards and later advanced by F. R. Leavis and William Empson, it emphasizes reader response, meaning, and the aesthetic effects language produces. The method is empirical and interpretive, avoiding author biography or historical context. It studies how language creates tone, imagery, and emotional impact, highlighting reader psychology, emotive and referential language, and core meaning distinctions like sense, feeling, tone, and intention.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/practical-criticism-notes/329237/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/practical-criticism-notes/329237.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Skyler","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main goal of Practical Criticism?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It aims to develop objective, disciplined reading through close textual analysis. It trains readers to understand meaning and aesthetic effects produced by language.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Does Practical Criticism rely on author biography or historical context?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"No. Its approach is empirical and interpretive, using close reading rather than depending on author biography or historical background.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does Practical Criticism explain different types of meaning?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It distinguishes sense (literal/factual), feeling (emotional attitude), tone (speaker’s attitude toward the audience), and intention (purpose behind the statement).",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"What are Tenor and Vehicle in metaphor analysis?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"Tenor is the main subject or idea, while vehicle is the image or comparison used to convey meaning. Metaphor meaning arises through interaction between these two elements.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},329237,1790048329,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":143,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":144,"faqs":145,"seo_title":146,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":147,"read_time":148},2336464648746,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Practical Criticism  \n(1920s–1930s, Cambridge, England)  \nUse Code “Dakshita  \n@NET Prep with Dakshita Ma'am  \n\" for DISCOUNT.  \nConnect with me on @ @ NET Prep with DAKSHITA Ma'am,  5:00 PM  \nUse Code “Dakshita  \n@NET Prep with Dakshita Ma'am  \n\" for DISCOUNT.  \n\n| Aspect | Practical Criticism |\n| --- | --- |\n| Origin & Context | Developed in 1920s–30s England (Cambridge) by I. A . Richards, later advanced by F. R . Leavis and William Empson. |\n| Aim / Purpose | To cultivate objective and disciplined reading through close textual analysis. |\n| Focus | Emphasis on reader response, meaning, and the aesthetic effect produced by language. |\n| Approach / Method | Empirical and interpretive method involving close reading without relying on author biography or historical context. |\n| Object of Study | Examines how language creates tone, imagery, and emotional effects in readers. |\n| Role of Reader | Central-interpretation and psychological reaction of the reader are significant. |\n| View of Language | Language seen as a vehicle for communication and emotional expression. |\n\nConnect with me on @ @ NET Prep with DAKSHITA Ma'am,  5:00 PM  \nUse Code “Dakshita  \n@NET Prep with Dakshita Ma'am  \n\" for DISCOUNT.  \nT. S. Eliot  \n• “The progress of an artist is a continual selfsacrifice, a continual extinction of personality.”  \n• Objective Correlative; Eliot defined it as “a set of objects, a situation, a chain of events which shall bethe formula of that particular emotion.”  \n• Emotion in poetry should be conveyed indirectly, through concrete imagery or events.  \n• Impersonal Literary Criticism  \n• Criticism should focus on the text itself rather than the author.  \n• It involves analysis, comparison, and close reading to clarify meaning and refine literary taste.  \nConnect with me on @ @ NET Prep with DAKSHITA Ma'am,  5:00 PM  \nUse Code Dakshita  \n@NET Prep with Dakshita Ma'am  \n\" DISCOUNT.  \nI.A . Richards (1893–1979)  \nFocus on Reader Psychology  \n• In Practical Criticism (1929), Richards studied reader responses to poetry.  \n• He argued many readers give “stock responses”(habitual, shallow reactions) .  \n• Good poetry produces complex impulses that refine the reader’s sensibility and intelligence.  \nConnect with me on @ @ NET Prep with DAKSHITA Ma'am,  5:00 PM  \nUse Code “Dakshita  \n@NET Prep with Dakshita Ma'am  \n\" for DISCOUNT.  \nTypes of Language  \n\n| Type | Meaning | Example |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Referential Language | Used for factual, logical, or scientific statements. | “Water boils at 100°C.” |\n| Emotive Language | Used to evoke feelings, imagery, and associations in art and poetry. | “The golden sunset bathed the sky in a fiery embrace.” |\n\nConnect with me on @ @ NET Prep with DAKSHITA Ma'am,  5:00 PM  \nUse Code “Dakshita  \n@NET Prep with Dakshita Ma'am  \n\" for DISCOUNT.  \nFour Types of Meaning  \n\n| Term | Meaning | Example |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Sense | Literal or factual meaning | “The book is on the table.” |\n| Feeling | Emotional attitude toward the subject | “What a beautiful morning!” |\n| Tone | Speaker’s attitude toward the audience | “Close the door” vs.“Could you close the door?” |\n| Intention | Purpose behind the statement | “You can do better than this.” |\n\nConnect with me on @ @ NET Prep with DAKSHITA Ma'am,  5:00 PM  \nUse Code “Dakshita  \n@NET Prep with Dakshita Ma'am  \n\" for DISCOUNT.  \nSynaesthesis:  \n• Meaning: A state of balance and harmony among different mental impulses.  \n• Describes the ideal mental condition where emotional and intellectual responses are integrated and unified.  \n• In poetry, it occurs when conflicting feelings or ideas are harmonized aesthetically.  \nConnect with me on @ @ NET Prep with DAKSHITA Ma'am,  5:00 PM  \nUse Code “Dakshita  \n@NET Prep with Dakshita Ma'am  \n\" for DISCOUNT.  \nTenor and Vehicle  \n• Proposed by: I. A. Richards in The Philosophy of Rhetoric (1936) .  \n• Explains how metaphors generate meaning through interaction between two elements.  \n\n| Term | Definition | Example","cbCaievJ90Q9jGeK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaievJ90Q9jGeK","pdf",1484324,"English","# Practical Criticism Overview\n## Origin and Context\n## Aim and Purpose\n## Focus and Approach\n\n# Key Concepts in Language and Meaning\n## Reader Psychology and the Role of the Reader\n## Types of Language: Referential vs Emotive\n## Four Types of Meaning: Sense, Feeling, Tone, Intention\n## Synaesthesis\n## Tenor and Vehicle\n\n# Major Contributors and Related Ideas\n## T. S. Eliot and Objective Correlative\n## I. A. Richards: Reader Responses and Stock Responses\n## Basic English Project (Ogden & Richards)","[{\"question\":\"What is the main goal of Practical Criticism?\",\"answer\":\"It aims to develop objective, disciplined reading through close textual analysis. It trains readers to understand meaning and aesthetic effects produced by language.\"},{\"question\":\"Does Practical Criticism rely on author biography or historical context?\",\"answer\":\"No. Its approach is empirical and interpretive, using close reading rather than depending on author biography or historical background.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Practical Criticism explain different types of meaning?\",\"answer\":\"It distinguishes sense (literal/factual), feeling (emotional attitude), tone (speaker’s attitude toward the audience), and intention (purpose behind the statement).\"},{\"question\":\"What are Tenor and Vehicle in metaphor analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Tenor is the main subject or idea, while vehicle is the image or comparison used to convey meaning. Metaphor meaning arises through interaction between these two elements.\"}]","Practical Criticism - Notes | PDF",1789983215,31]