[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-657122-105":59,"doc-detail-657122-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","pourbaix-diagram-of-astatine-revisited-experimental-investigations-accepted-manuscript-version","Pourbaix diagram of astatine revisited - Experimental investigations - Accepted manuscript version","","The Pourbaix diagram of an element summarizes stable chemical forms as a function of solution redox potential and pH, which is essential for predicting element chemistry in defined media. For astatine (At, Z=85), the aqueous-phase Pourbaix diagram remains incomplete, particularly for alkaline conditions where two species are expected. Using high-performance ion-exchange chromatography, electromobility measurements, and competition experiments, the existence of At− and AtO(OH)−2 is confirmed and their standard potential is established as 0.86 ± 0.05 V vs. SHE, enabling a revised diagram spanning At(−I), At(I), and At(III).",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/pourbaix-diagram-of-astatine-revisited-experimental-investigations-accepted-manuscript-version/657122/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/pourbaix-diagram-of-astatine-revisited-experimental-investigations-accepted-manuscript-version/657122.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"xXChrisXx","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-26",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does a Pourbaix diagram represent for an element?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It maps stable chemical species against solution redox potential (Eh) and pH, reflecting equilibrium conditions where activities for predominant soluble species match.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why is astatine speciation difficult to determine experimentally?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Astatine is a radioelement with short-lived isotopes, so only ultra-trace quantities can be produced, making conventional spectroscopic identification challenging.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How were the key alkaline astatine species validated in this work?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Through high-performance ion-exchange chromatography, electromobility measurements, and competition experiments confirming At− and AtO(OH)−2, followed by determination of the associated standard potential.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},657122,1793148005,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},8796112263567,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","This document is the accepted manuscript version of the following article:  \nLiu, L . , Maurice, R . , Galland, N . , Moisy, P . , Champion, J . , & Montavon, G . (2022) . Pourbaix diagram of astatine revisited: experimental investigations . Inorganic Chemistry, 61(34), 13462-13470 .  \n[https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01918](https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01918)  \nPourbaix diagram of astatine revisited: Experimental investigations  \nLu Liua†, Rémi Mauricea, b, Nicolas Gallandc, Philippe Moisyd, Julie Championa* and Gilles  \nMontavona  \na. IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS, SUBATECH, F-44000 Nantes, France  \nb. Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)—UMR 6226,  \n35000 Rennes, France  \nc. Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France  \nd. CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ Montpellier, Marcoule, France.  \nKEYWORDS  \nAstatine, speciation, standard redox potential, Pourbaix diagram  \nABSTRACT  \nThe Pourbaix diagram of an element displays its stable chemical forms with respect to the redox potential and pH of the solution, whose knowledge is fundamental for understanding and for anticipating the chemistry of the element in a specified solution. Unlike most halogens, the  \nPourbaix diagram in aqueous phase for astatine (At, Z = 85) is still under construction. In particular, the domains of predominance of two astatine species assumed to exist in alkaline conditions, At– and AtO(OH)−2 , need to be refined. Through high-performance ion-exchange chromatography, electromobility measurements and competition experiments, the existence of At– and AtO(OH)−2 has been confirmed and the associated standard potential has been determined for the first time, being 0.86 ± 0.05 V vs. SHE. Based on these results, a revised version of astatine’s Pourbaix diagram is proposed, covering the three oxidation states of astatine existing in the thermodynamically stability range of water: At(–I), At(I) and At(III) (as At–, At+, AtO+, AtO(OH) and AtO(OH)−2) .  \nIntroduction  \nThe Pourbaix diagram, also known as the potential–pH diagram, is a thermodynamic chart displaying the possible stable species of an element with respect to both the pH and the redox potential (Eh), usually in aqueous and non-complexing solution. Each contour of this diagram materializes an equilibrium, i.e. the conditions where the activities for the predominant soluble species on each side of it are equal.1 Pourbaix diagrams are not only of fundamental interest, but also have been proved to be very useful in various applied fields, such as corrosion studies, geoscience, and environmental research.2–4 Even though such diagrams have been well established for numerous elements, information is limited for some (rare) ones, notably the element 85, astatine (At). Indeed, astatine is a radioelement, and all of its isotopes are short-lived (t1/2 ≤ 8.1 h) . Only minute quantities can be produced artificially, leading to astatine solutions at ultra-trace concentrations (typically below 10–10 mol·L–1) . Conventional spectroscopic tools are therefore barely applicable to identify astatine species. Even more than 80 years after the discovery of  \nastatine,5 its chemical properties remain not well-established. Beyond the scientific interest, the  \nneed to better understand the chemistry of astatine is motivated by the potential use of the 211At radioisotope in targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT) . There is a growing attention for the emerging field of TAT drugs following the success and FDA approval of Xofigo®, an alphaemitting based radiopharmaceuticals.6 The catalog of alpha-emitters available for use as drugs needs to be expanded. 211At is one of the most promising candidates due to its suitable physical properties (t1/2 = 7.2 h and 100% alpha-emitter), and several clinical trials have been led.7,8 However, TAT requires 211At to be attached to a biological vector and the knowledge of astatine speciation in solution is essential for t","cbCaipdqCYc7ZotD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipdqCYc7ZotD","pdf",769575,32,"English","# Introduction\n# Background and motivation for astatine speciation\n## Pourbaix diagram definition and importance\n## Challenges due to short-lived radioelement astatine\n# Experimental and computational characterization\n## Confirming expected astatine species in alkaline conditions\n## Determining standard potentials and revising the diagram\n# Proposed revised astatine Pourbaix diagram","[{\"question\":\"What does a Pourbaix diagram represent for an element?\",\"answer\":\"It maps stable chemical species against solution redox potential (Eh) and pH, reflecting equilibrium conditions where activities for predominant soluble species match.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is astatine speciation difficult to determine experimentally?\",\"answer\":\"Astatine is a radioelement with short-lived isotopes, so only ultra-trace quantities can be produced, making conventional spectroscopic identification challenging.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the key alkaline astatine species validated in this work?\",\"answer\":\"Through high-performance ion-exchange chromatography, electromobility measurements, and competition experiments confirming At− and AtO(OH)−2, followed by determination of the associated standard potential.\"}]","Pourbaix diagram of astatine revisited - Experimental investigations - Accepted manuscript version | PDF",1792974493,81]