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Mass spectrometry and electronic noses predominate, while animal-based models are less frequent. Forty-seven correlated chemical species may inform future urinary VOC biomarker research.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/potential-urinary-volatile-organic-compounds-as-screening-markers-in-cancer-a-review/332841/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/potential-urinary-volatile-organic-compounds-as-screening-markers-in-cancer-a-review/332841.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Evangeline","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"Why is early cancer detection important, according to the review?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Early detection increases the probability of successful treatment, while late detection often presents advanced disease and more limited options.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What is the main diagnostic approach evaluated in this review?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The review focuses on urine-based testing of cancer-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as biomarkers for developing non-invasive detection methods.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which tools were most commonly used to detect urinary VOCs?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Mass spectrometry (MS) and electronic noses (eNose) were the most employed tools, while animal-based models were less common.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},332841,1790173412,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,111,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":112,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":128,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},13056703019662,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188","TYPE Systematic Review PUBLISHED 25 November 2024 DOI 10.3389/fonc.2024.1448760  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nNing Wei,  \nAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, United States  \nREVIEWED BY  \nM. Carmen Martinez-Bisbal, University of Valencia, Spain Giorgio Pennazza,  \nCampus Bio-Medico University, Italy  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nMichel Aliani  \n [Michel.Aliani@Umanitoba.ca](Michel.Aliani@Umanitoba.ca)  \nRECEIVED 13 June 2024  \nACCEPTED 08 November 2024  \nPUBLISHED 25 November 2024  \nCITATION  \nGoertzen A, Kidane B, Ahmed N and Aliani M (2024) Potential urinary volatile organic compounds as screening markers in cancer – a review.  \nFront. Oncol. 14:1448760 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1448760  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2024 Goertzen, Kidane, Ahmed and Aliani. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nPotential urinary volatile organic compounds as screening markers in cancer – a review  \nAlexandre Goertzen 1,2, Biniam Kidane 3,4,5, Naseer Ahmed 3,5 and Michel Aliani 1,2,6*  \n1 Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Saint Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Center, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, 2 Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, 3 Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, 4 Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, 5 Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Radiology, Section of Radiation Oncology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, 6 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada  \nEarly detection of cancer typically facilitates improved patient outcomes; however, many cancers are not easily diagnosed at an early stage. One potential route for developing new, non-invasive methods of cancer detection is by testing for cancer-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) biomarkers inpatients ’ urine. In this review, 44 studies covering the use and/or identification of cancer-related VOCs were examined, including studies which examined multiple types of cancer simultaneously, as well as diverse study designs. Among these studies the most studied cancers included prostate cancer (29% of papers), lung cancer (22%), breast cancer (20%), and bladder cancer (18%), with a smaller number of studies focused on colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, skin, liver cancer and others. Importantly, most studies which produced a VOC-based model of cancer detection observed a combined sensitivity and specificity above 150%, indicating that urine-based methods of cancer detection show considerable promise as a diagnostic tool. Mass spectrometry (MS) and electronic noses (eNose) were the most employed tools used in the detection of VOCs, while animal-based models were less common. In terms of VOCs of interest, 47 chemical species identified as correlated with various types of cancer in at least two unrelated papers, some of which were consistently up-or downregulated in cancer patients, and which may represent useful targets for future studies investing urinary VOC biomarkers of cancer. Overall, it was concluded that research in this field has shown promising results, but more work may be needed before the widespread adoption of these techniques takes place.  \nKEYWORDS  \ncancer, biomarkers, volatile organic compounds, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, electronic nose, diagnostics, early detection, animal olfaction  \nFrontiers in Oncology 01 [frontiersin.org](frontiersin.org)  \n1 Introduction  \nEarly detection of cancer will significantly increase the probability of successful treatment, while late detectio","cbCaisDguVTQVhi7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisDguVTQVhi7","pdf",811068,"English","# 1 Introduction\n## Early detection challenges and clinical impact\n## Biomarkers and diagnostic test rationale\n## Volatile organic compounds as convenient biomarkers","[{\"question\":\"Why is early cancer detection important, according to the review?\",\"answer\":\"Early detection increases the probability of successful treatment, while late detection often presents advanced disease and more limited options.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the main diagnostic approach evaluated in this review?\",\"answer\":\"The review focuses on urine-based testing of cancer-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as biomarkers for developing non-invasive detection methods.\"},{\"question\":\"Which tools were most commonly used to detect urinary VOCs?\",\"answer\":\"Mass spectrometry (MS) and electronic noses (eNose) were the most employed tools, while animal-based models were less common.\"}]","Potential urinary volatile organic compounds as screening markers in cancer - a review | PDF",1789999721,48]