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This review evaluates current knowledge on tumor biology and treatment options in SCLC with emphasis on predictive biomarkers, focusing on tumor microenvironment features, tumor mutation burden, and molecular subtyping. 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Immunotherapy, particularly checkpoint inhibitors, becomes more important during progression.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What predictive biomarkers show the greatest potential for immunotherapy response in SCLC?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The review highlights tumor microenvironment composition, tumor mutation burden, and molecular subtyping of SCLC as having demonstrated potential in some studies.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What further research is needed for reliable immunotherapy prediction?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"More research is required, especially prospective studies with larger numbers of participants to establish dependable methods for predicting immunotherapy response.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},376797,1790524933,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":113},1374391975076,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000253ca4ec9f6853?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1783305029341752051","TYPE Review  \nPUBLISHED 03 May 2023  \nDOI 10.3389/pore.2023.1611086  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nEDITED BY  \nAnna Sebestyén,  \nSemmelweis University, Hungary  \n*CORRESPONDENCE  \nValeria Skopelidou, [val.skop@outlook.com](val.skop@outlook.com)  \nRECEIVED 29 January 2023  \nACCEPTED 18 April 2023  \nPUBLISHED 03 May 2023  \nCITATION  \nSkopelidou V, Strakoš J, Škarda J, Raška M and Kafková-Rašková L (2023), Potential predictors of immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer.  \nPathol. Oncol. Res. 29:1611086 .  \ndoi: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611086  \nCOPYRIGHT  \n© 2023 Skopelidou, Strakoš, Škarda, Raška and Kafková-Rašková . This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.  \nPotential predictors of immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer  \nValeria Skopelidou 1,2*, Jan Strakoš1,2, Jozef Škarda1,2,3, Milan Raška4,5 and Leona Kafková-Rašková4,5  \n1Institute of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia, 2Institute of Molecular and Clinical Pathology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia, 3Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia, 4Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia, 5Department of Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia  \nLung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) having the worst prognosis. SCLC is diagnosed late in the disease’s progression, limiting treatment options. The most common treatment for SCLC is chemotherapy. As the disease progresses, immunotherapy, most commonly checkpoint inhibitor medication, becomes more important. Efforts should be made in the development of immunotherapy to map specific biomarkers, which play a role in properly assigning a type of immunotherapy to the right cohort of patients, where the benefits outweigh any risks or adverse effects. The objective of this review was to provide a thorough assessment of current knowledge about the nature of the tumor process and treatment options for small cell lung cancer, with a focus on predictive biomarkers. According to the information obtained, the greatest potential, which has already been directly demonstrated in some studies, has characteristics such as tumor microenvironment composition, tumor mutation burden, and molecular subtyping of SCLC. Several other aspects appear to be promising, but more research, particularly prospective studies on a larger number of probands, is required. However, it is clear that this field of study will continue to expand, as developing a reliable method to predict immunotherapy response is a very appealing goal of current medicine and research in the field of targeted cancer therapy.  \nKEYWORDS  \ntumor microenvironment, PD-L1 expression, small cell lung cancer, mutational burden, molecular subtyping  \nIntroduction  \nLung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths not only in the Czech Republic, but also worldwide. With more than half of patients having an advanced stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis, where aggressive surgical treatment is no longer an option, there are over 2 million new cases, and 1.76 million fatalities reported  \nPathology & Oncology Research 01 Published by Frontiers  \nFIGURE 1  \nShows the classification of lung cancer according to histopathological morphology. The internal simpler division corresponds to the basic categorization into non-small cell (NSCLC) and small cell lu","cbCaitbLfI127gZB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitbLfI127gZB","pdf",4246025,12,"English","# Introduction\n## Burden of lung cancer and SCLC prognosis\n## Pathology and histological classification\n## Diagnostic sampling approaches\n# Predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy\n## Tumor microenvironment and composition\n## Tumor mutation burden\n## Molecular subtyping","[{\"question\":\"Why is immunotherapy increasingly important in small cell lung cancer?\",\"answer\":\"SCLC is often diagnosed late and chemotherapy has limited reach as the disease advances. Immunotherapy, particularly checkpoint inhibitors, becomes more important during progression.\"},{\"question\":\"What predictive biomarkers show the greatest potential for immunotherapy response in SCLC?\",\"answer\":\"The review highlights tumor microenvironment composition, tumor mutation burden, and molecular subtyping of SCLC as having demonstrated potential in some studies.\"},{\"question\":\"What further research is needed for reliable immunotherapy prediction?\",\"answer\":\"More research is required, especially prospective studies with larger numbers of participants to establish dependable methods for predicting immunotherapy response.\"}]","Potential predictors of immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer | PDF",1790221292]