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The text argues for new detection, diagnosis, and treatment strategies suited to low-resource settings, distinct from approaches common in high-income countries. It proposes one-step dipstick-type serum PSA detection to bypass laboratory quality-control issues while keeping costs low. It also discusses feasible androgen deprivation options for advanced disease and emphasizes the need for clinical trials to determine the most efficacious and best-tolerated regimens.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/potential-new-approaches-for-prostate-cancer-management-in-resource-limited-countries-in-africa/383310/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/potential-new-approaches-for-prostate-cancer-management-in-resource-limited-countries-in-africa/383310.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"acoobca","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are prostate cancer screening and early detection difficult in sub-Saharan Africa?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Resource limitations mean screening, early detection, diagnosis, and curative treatments are not widely available. Awareness can also be low in many regions, making screening merit unclear and access uneven.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What detection approach is proposed as a low-cost alternative?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The text advocates one-step dipstick-type assays for serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). This approach is presented as cost-effective and able to circumvent laboratory quality-control challenges.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What treatment options are discussed for advanced-stage prostate cancer in low-resource settings?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Androgen deprivation treatments are described as feasible and affordable, including orchiectomy and older low-cost drugs. The text also notes that clinical trials are needed to compare which options are most efficacious and best tolerated.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},383310,1790865037,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},3985747870733,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Potential New Approaches for Prostate Cancer Management in ResourceLimited Countries in Africa  \nMAARTEN C. BOSLAND OLAYIWOLA B. SHITTU  \nEDET E. IKPI  \nOLUYEMI AKINLOYE   \n*Author affiliations can be found in the back matter of this article  \nABSTRACT  \nProstate cancer is a major male malignancy in many sub-Saharan countries in Africa. Because of resource limitations, screening, early detection, diagnosis, and curative treatments are not available for many men on the subcontinent, and there are even barriers to the treatment of advanced-stage metastatic prostate cancer. We are making the case for new approaches to the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of this malignancy in subSaharan Africa and other low-resource regions—approaches that differ from the ones available and used in high-income countries. The development of one-step dipstick-type detection assays of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) offers an approach to prostate cancer detection, treatment and monitoring that circumvents issues related to laboratory quality control and is also low-cost. Curative-intent treatments of early-stage prostate cancer are often unavailable in low-resource contexts, and most prostate cancers are not detected in Africa until they are at an advanced stage. Hence, androgen deprivation treatments, including orchiectomy and older low-cost drugs, offer feasible and affordable approaches to prolong survival and sustain a reasonable quality of life. However, clinical trials are needed to identify which of these androgen deprivation treatments are most efficacious and best tolerated to make progress in providing medical care for men with prostate cancer in sub-Saharan Africa and other low- and lower-middle-income areas around the world.  \nVIEWPOINT  \nCORRESPONDING AUTHOR:  \nMaarten C. Bosland, DVSc, PhD  \nDepartment of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago,  \n840 South Wood Street, Room  \n130 CSN, Chicago, IL 60612, USA [boslandm@uic.edu](boslandm@uic.edu)  \nKEYWORDS:  \nProstate cancer; Prostatespecific antigen; Sub-Shaharan Africa; Treatment alternatives; Hormonal therapy; Low resource areas  \nTO CITE THIS ARTICLE:  \nBosland MC, Shittu OB, Ikpi EE, Akinloye O. Potential New Approaches for Prostate Cancer Management in ResourceLimited Countries in Africa. Annals of Global Health. 2023; 89(1): 14, 1–7. DOI: [https://doi](https://doi). org/10.5334/aogh.3994  \nProstate cancer is reportedly the most common male malignancy in many countries in subSaharan Africa (SSA) . However, cancer registration is not very reliable in many of these countries as only 6% of the region is currently covered by reasonably accurate death registration systems, and high-quality population-based cancer registration is only present in four countries [1] . Prostate cancer may be overreported [2], cancers in other tissues such as the liver and the colon may be underreported, and cancer incidence rates in Africa are sometimes subject to profound changes over time [3, 4] . Nonetheless, prostate cancer surely ranks among the more common male malignancies in Africa and appears to have increased over the past few decades [5] . Despite the high prevalence the detection, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer is problematic in SSA for several reasons. The objective of this commentary is to summarize these difficulties and identify some possible approaches to alleviate them.  \nBosland et al.  \nAnnals of Global Health DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3994  \n2  \nOBSTACLES TO DETECTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER IN SSA  \nSCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS  \nIn the United States and much of Europe, the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for screening remains a matter of great debate [6, 7] . As there is little information about prostate cancer screening in SSA and other low-and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs) [8], the merit of screening in SSA and other low-resource areas remains unclear. In a community-based screening program in Nigeria, 10% of men 50 years and over h","cbCaib22vhXl3GC9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaib22vhXl3GC9","pdf",547402,"English","# Abstract\n# Viewpoint\n# Obstacles to Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Prostate Cancer in SSA\n## Screening and Diagnosis\n## Treatment","[{\"question\":\"Why are prostate cancer screening and early detection difficult in sub-Saharan Africa?\",\"answer\":\"Resource limitations mean screening, early detection, diagnosis, and curative treatments are not widely available. Awareness can also be low in many regions, making screening merit unclear and access uneven.\"},{\"question\":\"What detection approach is proposed as a low-cost alternative?\",\"answer\":\"The text advocates one-step dipstick-type assays for serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). This approach is presented as cost-effective and able to circumvent laboratory quality-control challenges.\"},{\"question\":\"What treatment options are discussed for advanced-stage prostate cancer in low-resource settings?\",\"answer\":\"Androgen deprivation treatments are described as feasible and affordable, including orchiectomy and older low-cost drugs. The text also notes that clinical trials are needed to compare which options are most efficacious and best tolerated.\"}]","Potential New Approaches for Prostate Cancer Management in Resource-Limited Countries in Africa | PDF",1790255842,18]