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This retrospective single-institution study evaluated how specific non-opioid analgesics relate to reductions in opioid use among patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation after major lower-extremity amputation. Opioid utilization was assessed in morphine milligram equivalents and compared with concurrent non-opioid doses.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/postoperative-pain-management-in-patients-with-lower-extremity-amputations-a-single-institution-retrospective-analysis/433233/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/postoperative-pain-management-in-patients-with-lower-extremity-amputations-a-single-institution-retrospective-analysis/433233.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"nayy☆","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What question does the study address about pain control after lower-extremity amputation?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"How specific non-opioid analgesics are associated with reduced opioid use in patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation after major lower-extremity amputation.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was opioid use measured in the analysis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Opioid utilization was measured in morphine milligram equivalents (MME) and compared between admission and discharge alongside daily non-opioid dosing.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which non-opioid medication showed a significant association with lower opioid requirements?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Gabapentin was significantly associated with decreased MME from admission to discharge, with pregabalin showing a similar association in multivariable analysis.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},433233,1790716866,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962090893153,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Review began 11/16/2025  \nReview ended 12/01/2025  \nPublished 12/05/2025  \n© Copyright 2025  \nDinh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0. , which permits unrestricted use , distribution , and reproduction in any medium , provided the original author and source are credited.  \nDOI: 10.7759/cureus.98536  \nOpen Access Original Article  \nPostoperative Pain Management in Patients with Lower-Extremity Amputations: A SingleInstitution Retrospective Analysis of the Effectiveness of Non-opioid Analgesics in Reduction of Opioid Use  \nChandler H. Dinh 1, Hyun Ah Park 1, Andrew Y. Vassantachart 2, Navdeep S. Manhas 2, Duc A. Tran 2 , Eugene Pak 3  \n1. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA 2. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, USA 3. Pain Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, USA  \nCorresponding author: Chandler H. Dinh, [cdinh@students.llu.edu](cdinh@students.llu.edu)  \nAbstract  \nBackground: Pain management following lower extremity amputation remains a clinical challenge, particularly during inpatient rehabilitation. Although opioids are frequently used, their adverse effects and potential for prolonged use highlight the importance of multimodal pain strategies. This study investigated the relationship between specific non-opioid analgesics and reductions in opioid use among patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation after major lower extremity amputation.  \nMethods: A retrospective review was conducted at a single inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF), examining opioid utilization measured in morphine milligram equivalents (MME) and the concurrent use of non-opioid agents, including acetaminophen, methocarbamol, gabapentin, pregabalin, and duloxetine. Eighty-one patients admitted between January 2021 and December 2023 were included. Admission and discharge opioid requirements were compared with daily non-opioid doses. Statistical analyses were performed using STATAversion 3 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX) .  \nResults: Gabapentin use was associated with a significant decrease in MME from admission to discharge (p=0 .04), with an average daily dose of 1000 mg corresponding to a reduction of 1 MME per day. In multivariable analysis incorporating all non-opioid medications, gabapentin and pregabalin both showed significant associations with reduced MME (p=0 .021 and p=0 .027, respectively) .  \nConclusion: Among patients recovering from lower extremity amputation during inpatient rehabilitation, gabapentin use was significantly associated with lower opioid requirements, with pregabalin demonstrating a similar pattern. Incorporating these agents into multimodal analgesic regimens may help optimize postoperative pain control and limit opioid exposure. Further research is warranted to explore the role of additional non-opioid options in this setting.  \nCategories: Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Pain Management  \nKeywords: amputation pain, gabapentin, inpatient rehabilitation facility, lower extremity amputation, morphine milligram equivalents, multimodal analgesia, non-opioid analgesics, opioid reduction, postoperative pain management, pregabalin  \nIntroduction  \nIn the United States, more than 185,000 individuals undergo upper or lower amputations each year, and the number of people with an amputation is projected to double by 2050 due to increasing rates of vascular disease and related sequelae [1] . Among the issues that affect patients after amputation in both the acute and chronic postoperative periods is post-amputation pain, which includes phantom pain and residual limb pain [2] .  \nMany lower extremity amputation patients are admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF), where opioids are often used in the pain regimen. Clinicians must balance postoperative pain management with the side effects and risks ","cbCainXqQJ3BoLDU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainXqQJ3BoLDU","pdf",376169,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction\n## Post-amputation pain and rehabilitation context\n## Opioid risks and multimodal pain strategies","[{\"question\":\"What question does the study address about pain control after lower-extremity amputation?\",\"answer\":\"How specific non-opioid analgesics are associated with reduced opioid use in patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation after major lower-extremity amputation.\"},{\"question\":\"How was opioid use measured in the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Opioid utilization was measured in morphine milligram equivalents (MME) and compared between admission and discharge alongside daily non-opioid dosing.\"},{\"question\":\"Which non-opioid medication showed a significant association with lower opioid requirements?\",\"answer\":\"Gabapentin was significantly associated with decreased MME from admission to discharge, with pregabalin showing a similar association in multivariable analysis.\"}]","Postoperative Pain Management in Patients with Lower-Extremity Amputations - A Single-Institution Retrospective Analysis | PDF",1790663232,13]