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This study prospectively links postictal characteristics to clinical variables in 70 adults with epilepsy, using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Results show postictal manifestations in 84.2% of cases and prolonged duration in 37.2%, with associations involving age at onset, confusion, anxiety-related symptoms, MMSE performance, and left-sided epileptiform activity on EEG. Different seizure types and epileptic syndromes correspond to distinct postictal patterns, affecting anxiety, cognition, and EEG findings.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/postictal-status-and-clinical-variables-in-adults-with-epilepsy/435884/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/postictal-status-and-clinical-variables-in-adults-with-epilepsy/435884.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Patrick","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-01","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main objective of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To relate the characteristics of the postictal period to clinical variables in adults with epilepsy, including clinical measures and assessment scores.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were postictal symptoms evaluated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Ictal and postictal characteristics were obtained from patients and their families, and mental, emotional, autonomic, and motor symptoms and signs were assessed during the postictal phase.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which findings were associated with postictal confusion and anxiety?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Higher HADS-anxiety scores were associated with confusion in the postictal period, and lower MMSE scores related to postictal anxiety and sleepiness/headache/confusion.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},435884,1790719635,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},549758146520,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470","Article published online: 2025-09-08  \nOriginal Article 1  \nPostictal status and clinical variables in adults with epilepsy  \nCecília Fusco Agostinho 1 Glória M. A. S. Tedrus 1  \n1 Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas SP, Brazil.  \nArq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. 2025;83(9):s00451811625 .  \nAddress for correspondence Gloria Tedrus (email: [gmtedrus@uol.com.br](gmtedrus@uol.com.br))  \nAbstract  \nKeywords ► Epilepsy  \n► Seizures  \n► Confusion  \nBackground Symptoms in the postictal period are often neglected by professionalsand patients/family members.  \nObjective To relate the characteristics of the postictal period with the clinical variables of adult patients with epilepsy.  \nMethods Prospectively, the clinical characteristics of the postictal period were related to the clinical variables and the scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) of 70 patients with epilepsy. Results The mean age was 47.6 years old, and 34 (48.6%) patients were male, the mean age at onset of epilepsy was 20.3 years old, the epileptic syndrome was structural in 48 cases, the mean score in the MMSE was 23.6, the mean score in the HADS-anxiety was 7.3, and in the HADS-depression it was 5.6 . Postictal manifestation occurred in 59 (84.2%) cases, with prolonged duration in 22 (37.2%) cases. There was a difference in the duration and presence of postictal manifestation according to age at the onset of epilepsy. Higher HADS-anxiety scores were associated with the presence of confusion in the postictal period (t-test; 9.3 􀀁 6.8 versus 5.8 􀀁 4.8; p ¼ 0.015) . Lower MMSE scores were related to postictal anxiety and sleepiness/headache/confusion. Left-sidedepileptiform activity (EA) was associated with postictal sleepiness/headache/confusion. There was a difference in postictal manifestation according to epileptic syndrome. Conclusion The characteristics of the postictal period differed according to the age of onset, the type of seizure, and the epileptic syndrome. Different symptoms in the postictal period were associated with the scores on HADS anxiety, MMSE, and left-sided EA on the electroencephalogram.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nThe postictal period is a condition that appears between the end of the ictal manifestation and the return to the initial condition (presumed baseline) or the interictal state. 1,2 The postictal period is a transient brain condition subject to spontaneous resolution. It presents a series of neurological and psychiatric signs and symptoms with varying severity and variable duration, from minutes to several days. 1,3 The  \nreceived  \nFebruary 11, 2025 received in its final form April 3, 2025  \naccepted  \nJune 28, 2025  \nDOI [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)10.1055/s-0045-1811625 . ISSN 0004-282X.  \nEditor-in-Chief: Hélio A. G. Teive.  \nAssociate Editor: Marlon Wycliff Caeira.  \npostictal period is the phase after the ictal manifestation; it is accompanied by slowing or depression of brain electrical activity on the electroencephalogram (EEG) that can last up to 24 hours. The postictal period results from complex neurophysiological mechanisms such as hypometabolism, changes in blood flow and glucose metabolism, and reduced cortical excitability and neurotransmitter release.4–7  \nThe postictal period can significantly impact the quality of life, but it is often neglected by patients/family members and  \n© 2025 . The Author(s) .  \nThis is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/))  \nThieme Revinter Publicações Ltda. , Rua Rego Freitas, 175, loja 1, República, São Paulo, SP, CEP 01220-010, Brazil  \n2 Postepileptic seizure period Agostinho et al.  \nattending physicians. 8,9 However, the description of t","cbCait8vIG4pK1xK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCait8vIG4pK1xK","pdf",260222,"English","# Abstract\n# Background\n# Objective\n# Methods\n## Participants and inclusion criteria\n## Procedures and measurements\n# Results\n# Conclusion\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To relate the characteristics of the postictal period to clinical variables in adults with epilepsy, including clinical measures and assessment scores.\"},{\"question\":\"How were postictal symptoms evaluated?\",\"answer\":\"Ictal and postictal characteristics were obtained from patients and their families, and mental, emotional, autonomic, and motor symptoms and signs were assessed during the postictal phase.\"},{\"question\":\"Which findings were associated with postictal confusion and anxiety?\",\"answer\":\"Higher HADS-anxiety scores were associated with confusion in the postictal period, and lower MMSE scores related to postictal anxiety and sleepiness/headache/confusion.\"}]","Postictal status and clinical variables in adults with epilepsy | PDF",1790675796,15]