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Women have been central to this expansion, yet it remains unclear whether advancing to the highest education levels reduces their wage disadvantage. Using the 2011 National Household Survey, the study estimates wage premiums for master’s and doctoral completion and analyzes how the gender wage gap varies across fields and occupations.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/postgraduate-wage-premiums-and-the-gender-wage-gap-in-canada-volume-47-issue-2-2017/596738/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/postgraduate-wage-premiums-and-the-gender-wage-gap-in-canada-volume-47-issue-2-2017/596738.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Muffet","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What concern motivates the study of postgraduate education in Canada?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Rapid growth in postgraduate enrolment has raised worries about overproduction and whether postgraduate credentials translate into stronger labour market earnings.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What data source does the study use?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study uses the 2011 National Household Survey to estimate wage outcomes associated with postgraduate degrees.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How do wage premiums and the gender wage gap differ by degree and field?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Large wage premiums are found for completing master’s and doctoral degrees for both men and women, especially among younger cohorts, but important differences emerge by field of study.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},596738,1792464021,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090768927,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","CSSHE  \nSCÉES  \nCanadian Journal of Higher Education Revue canadienne d’enseignement supérieur Volume 47, No. 2, 2017, pages 156-187  \nPostgraduate Wage Premiums and the Gender Wage Gap in Canada  \nSean Waite  \nWestern University  \nAbstract  \nSince the 1990s, enrolment in postgraduate programs has increased significantly in Canada. In more recent years, this has led to concerns regarding overproduction and the labour market outcomes of those with postgraduate education. Women have played an important role in this growth, but questions remain as to whether women’s progress into the highest levels of education has helped ameliorate their wage disadvantage relative to men. Using the 2011 National Household Survey, this study finds large wage premiums for completing master’s and doctoral degrees for both men and women, especially in younger cohorts; however, there are important differences by field of study. The gender wage gap is smaller for women with master’s degrees than for those with bachelor or doctoral degrees. Occupational differences account for more of the gender wage gap than field of study, suggesting that after degree completion, university-educated women sort into occupations that are lower paid than their male counterparts’.  \nRésumé  \nDepuis les années 90, les inscriptions aux programmes de deuxième et de troisième cycles universitaires ont augmenté de façon importante au Canada.  \nRécemment, des inquiétudes ont été exprimées quant à la surproduction de diplômés et à ses conséquences sur le marché du travail. Bien que les femmesaient occupé un rôle important dans l’augmentation de ces inscriptions, il  \nCJHE / RCES Volume 47, No. 2, 2017  \nPostgraduate Wage Premiums and the Gender Wage Gap / S. Waite. 157  \nest encore impossible de savoir si l’avancement de celles-ci vers les niveaux académiques les plus élevés a contribué à l’amélioration de leurs conditions salariales, par rapport à celles des hommes. À l’aide de l’Enquête nationaleauprès des ménages 2011, la présente étude conclut que les salaires des femmes, tout comme ceux des hommes, sont bonifiés après l’obtention d’une maîtrise ou d’un doctorat, surtout chez les cohortes plus jeunes. Par contre, d’importantes variations existent en fonction du domaine d’étude. Pour les femmes possédant une maîtrise, l’écart salarial entre sexes est moindre que pour les femmespossédant un baccalauréat ou un doctorat. L’écart salarial est davantage dû aux variantes sur le plan professionnel que celles des domaines d’étude, postulant donc qu’après avoir obtenu un diplôme universitaire, les femmes se lancent vers des professions moins rémunérées que ne le sont celles de leurs homologues masculins.  \nIntroduction  \nPostgraduate education is an important human resource because it helps fuel innovation and development, both of which are essential in Canada’s knowledge-driven economy. Over the last few decades, federal and provincial governments have recognized the value of postgraduate training and have made significant investments to encourage enrolment (AUCC, 2011; Hall & Arnold, 2013) . Between 1992/1993 and 2008/2009, full-time enrolment in master’s programs increased by almost 80% and doctoral enrolment increased by more than 90%(PSIS, 2016b) .1 The number of postgraduate degrees granted increased in a similar fashion (PSIS, 2016a) . Women have played a significant role in this growth (PSIS, 2016a, 2016b). However, not everyone sees these gains as positive. In recent years, questions have been raised regarding the employment opportunities and earnings for those who complete postgraduate degrees (Cyranoski, Gilbert, Ledford, Nayar, & Yahira, 2011; Economist, 2010; Edge & Munroe, 2015; Fullick, 2015)—specifically, whether or not postgraduate training provides any labour market advantages over a bachelor’s degree. The present study contributes to this debate and also explores whether women’s progress into postgraduate education has helped ameliorate their wage disadvantage rela","cbCaikeBx1YYUU60","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikeBx1YYUU60","pdf",568979,32,"English","# Abstract\n# Résumé\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What concern motivates the study of postgraduate education in Canada?\",\"answer\":\"Rapid growth in postgraduate enrolment has raised worries about overproduction and whether postgraduate credentials translate into stronger labour market earnings.\"},{\"question\":\"What data source does the study use?\",\"answer\":\"The study uses the 2011 National Household Survey to estimate wage outcomes associated with postgraduate degrees.\"},{\"question\":\"How do wage premiums and the gender wage gap differ by degree and field?\",\"answer\":\"Large wage premiums are found for completing master’s and doctoral degrees for both men and women, especially among younger cohorts, but important differences emerge by field of study.\"}]","Postgraduate Wage Premiums and the Gender Wage Gap in Canada - Volume 47 - Issue 2 - 2017 | PDF",1792083626,81]