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This work fabricates aqueous, solvent-free electrospun nanofiber dressings from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) for wound-care use. Solubility of PVA in water limits biomedical application, addressed by solid-state esterification crosslinking with biocompatible citric acid at 150°C. Electrospinning parameters yield 130–200 nm fibers assembled into mats with tunable porosity and intersection density.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/polyvinyl-alcoholhyaluronic-acid-nanofibers-for-biomedical-use-under-physiological-conditions-electrospinning-fabrication-and-stabilization-via-solvent-free-citric-acid-crosslinking/463203/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/polyvinyl-alcoholhyaluronic-acid-nanofibers-for-biomedical-use-under-physiological-conditions-electrospinning-fabrication-and-stabilization-via-solvent-free-citric-acid-crosslinking/463203.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Danger Angel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why are electrospun polymeric nanofibers suitable for wound management?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"They provide high surface area, efficient exudate absorption, gas exchange, and a 3D structure resembling extracellular matrix, which supports cell migration and tissue proliferation.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How are PVA/HA nanofibers produced in this study?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"They are prepared by fully aqueous electrospinning without organic solvents, using poly(vinyl alcohol) and hyaluronic acid.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does citric-acid crosslinking improve the nanofibers for biomedical use?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Solid-state citric acid esterification increases hydrolytic stability and mechanical performance, reducing swelling and degradation while raising Young’s modulus.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},463203,1790811508,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962090769052,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Article  \nPoly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Hyaluronic Acid Nanofibers for Biomedical Use Under Physiological Conditions:  \nElectrospinning Fabrication and Stabilization via Solvent-Free Citric Acid Crosslinking  \nGianluca Ciarleglio , Nicholas Capuccilli, Elisa Toto  and Maria Gabriella Santonicola *  \nAcademic Editor: Gang Wei  \nReceived: 1 November 2025  \nRevised: 19 December 2025  \nAccepted: 24 December 2025  \nPublished: 27 December 2025  \nCopyright: © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \nDepartment of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161 Rome, Italy; [gianluca.ciarleglio@uniroma1.it](gianluca.ciarleglio@uniroma1.it) (G.C.);  \n[capuccilli.1797862@studenti.uniroma1.it](capuccilli.1797862@studenti.uniroma1.it) (N.C.); [elisa.toto@uniroma1.it](elisa.toto@uniroma1.it) (E.T.)  \n* [Correspondence: mariagabriella.santonicola@uniroma1.it](Correspondence: mariagabriella.santonicola@uniroma1.it)  \nAbstract  \nElectrospun polymeric nanofibers have emerged as promising materials for wound management owing to their high surface area, efficient exudate absorption and gas exchange, and extracellular-matrix-like architecture. This study investigates the fabrication of nanofiber dressings from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and hyaluronic acid (HA), prepared by fully aqueous electrospinning (without organic solvents) for potential wound-care applications. HA incorporation is expected to influence hydration and matrix interactions, properties that have been associated with modulation of wound healing in previous studies. However, the high solubility of PVA-based NFs in aqueous environments limits their use in biological applications. To address this issue, PVA/HA nanofibers were chemically crosslinked through a solid-state esterification process at 150 ◦ C using biocompatible citric acid (CA) . The electrospinning parameters were optimized to obtain PVA/HA fibers with diameters ranging from 130 to 200 nm, which were assembled to form mats with different porosity and intersection density. FTIR confirmed the formation of ester bonds, while DSC analysis showed an increase in Tg from 41 ◦ C to about 55 ◦ C and a slight decrease in Tm after crosslinking. Swelling and degradation analyses demonstrated a significant enhancement in hydrolytic stability, as the weight loss of the nanofiber mats decreased from ~90% in thenon-crosslinked samples to less than 10% after 2 h of crosslinking. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed an increase in Young’s modulus from ~70 MPa to 230 MPa after crosslinking. Overall, the results demonstrate the stabilizing effect of citric-acid crosslinking on PVA/HA nanofibers and support their potential use in wound dressings under physiological conditions.  \nKeywords: nanofibers; electrospinning; poly(vinyl alcohol); hyaluronic acid; citric acid; wound dressings  \n1. Introduction  \nNanostructured mats assembled from electrospun polymeric nanofibers are an innovative alternative for wound care applications with respect to traditional materials, as they offer several advantages that make them particularly suited for this purpose [1,2] . The nanofibers’ three-dimensional structure closely reproduces the morphology of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), facilitating cells migration and tissue proliferation, which are  \nvital for a fast and complete healing process [3] . Nanofiber mats possess a large surface area providing good absorption of the exudate, which helps to maintain the cleanliness of the wound and prevents the occurrence of infections [4] . Indeed, the dressing ability to take in the exudate is crucial in the initial stages of the healing when the wound is most susceptible to collection of fluids and debris [5] .  \nPolymer nanofibers (NFs) can be engineered to be bioactive, loaded with therapeutic agents","cbCaik9L40aRGmXk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaik9L40aRGmXk","pdf",3750385,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction\n## Nanostructured electrospun mats for wound care\n## Bioactive and drug-loaded polymer nanofibers\n## Rationale for PVA and HA in wound healing","[{\"question\":\"Why are electrospun polymeric nanofibers suitable for wound management?\",\"answer\":\"They provide high surface area, efficient exudate absorption, gas exchange, and a 3D structure resembling extracellular matrix, which supports cell migration and tissue proliferation.\"},{\"question\":\"How are PVA/HA nanofibers produced in this study?\",\"answer\":\"They are prepared by fully aqueous electrospinning without organic solvents, using poly(vinyl alcohol) and hyaluronic acid.\"},{\"question\":\"How does citric-acid crosslinking improve the nanofibers for biomedical use?\",\"answer\":\"Solid-state citric acid esterification increases hydrolytic stability and mechanical performance, reducing swelling and degradation while raising Young’s modulus.\"}]","Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Hyaluronic Acid Nanofibers for Biomedical Use Under Physiological Conditions - Electrospinning Fabrication and Stabilization via Solvent-Free Citric Acid Crosslinking | PDF",1790766239,48]