[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-39893-en":3,"doc-seo-39893-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},39893,8796095462418,"Noah","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80000253c1241d02b47?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778826106357471780",2,"Literature","Politics by Aristotle","Aristotle’s political philosophy outlines how states arise from natural social relationships and develop toward the highest good. It argues that every community aims at some good, culminating in the political community as the most comprehensive. The work criticizes simplistic equivalences between ruler roles and proposes a scientific analysis by resolving political structures into their basic elements. It traces the progression from the union of male and female and master–slave relations to family, village, and finally the self-sufficient state.","Politics  \nAristotle  \nTranslated by Benjamin Jowett  \nBatoche Books  \nKitchener 1999  \nContents  \nBOOK ONE .............................................................................. 3  \nBOOK TWO ........................................................................... 22  \nBOOK THREE ....................................................................... 51  \nBOOK FOUR ......................................................................... 80  \nBOOK FIVE ......................................................................... 108  \nBOOK SIX ........................................................................... 140  \nBOOK SEVEN ..................................................................... 152  \nBOOK EIGHT ...................................................................... 180  \nBOOK ONE  \nPart I  \nEvery state is a community of some kind, and every community is established with a view to some good; for mankind always act in order to obtain that which they think good. But, if all communities aim at some good, the state or political community, which is the highest of all, and which embraces all the rest, aims at good in a greater degree than anyother, and at the highest good.  \nSome people think that the qualifications ofa statesman, king, householder, and master are the same, and that they differ, not in kind, but only in the number of their subjects. For example, the ruler over a few is called a master; over more, the manager of a household; over a still larger number, a statesman or king, as if there were no difference between a great household and a small state. The distinction which is made between the king and the statesman is as follows: When the government is personal, the ruler is a king; when, according to the rules of the political science, the citizens rule and are ruled in turn, then he is called a statesman.  \nBut all this is a mistake; for governments differ in kind, as will be evident to any one who considers the matter according to the method which has hitherto guided us. As in other departments of science, so in politics, the compound should always be resolved into the simple elements or least parts of the whole. We must therefore look atthe elements of which the state is composed, in order that we may see in what the different kinds of rule differ from one another, and whether any scientific result can be attained about each one of them.  \n4/Aristotle  \nPart II  \nHe who thus considers things in their first growth and origin, whether a state or anything else, will obtain the clearest view of them. In the first place there must be a union of those who cannot exist without eachother; namely, of male and female, that the race may continue (and this is a union which is formed, not of deliberate purpose, but because, in common with other animals and with plants, mankind have a natural desire to leave behind them an image of themselves), and of natural ruler and subject, that both may be preserved. For that which can foresee by the exercise of mind is by nature intended to be lord and master, and that which can with its body give effect to such foresight is a subject, and by nature a slave; hence master and slave have the same interest. Now nature has distinguished between the female and the slave. For she is not niggardly, like the smith who fashions the Delphian knife for many uses; she makes each thing for a single use, and every instrument is best made when intended for one and not for many uses. But among barbarians no distinction is made between women and slaves, because there is no natural ruler among them: they are a community of slaves, male and female. Wherefore the poets say,  \n“It is meet that Hellenes should rule over barbarians;”  \nas if they thought that the barbarian and the slave were by nature one.  \nOut of these two relationships between man and woman, master and slave, the first thing to arise is the family, and Hesiod is right when he says,  \n“First house and wife and an o","cbCaibwAahXpIA5v","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibwAahXpIA5v","pdf",413127,3,1,192,"English","en",105,"# Contents\n## Book One","[{\"question\":\"What is Aristotle’s central claim about why states exist?\",\"answer\":\"Every community is formed with a view to some good, and the state—the highest community—aims at the good in the greatest degree, providing the end of earlier social forms.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Aristotle explain the difference between a king and a statesman?\",\"answer\":\"When rule is personal, the ruler is called a king; when citizens rule and are ruled in turn according to political science, the ruler is called a statesman.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the state emerge according to Book One?\",\"answer\":\"Starting from foundational relationships, society develops from the family to the village, and from villages to a complete self-sufficient community that exists for the sake of a good life.\"}]",1783087738,296,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":28},"politics-by-aristotle","",{"@graph":36,"@context":84},[37,52,67],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,49],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",{"item":50,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/politics-by-aristotle/39893/",4,{"url":50,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":41,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-17","2026-07-03",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What is Aristotle’s central claim about why states exist?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"Every community is formed with a view to some good, and the state—the highest community—aims at the good in the greatest degree, providing the end of earlier social forms.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"How does Aristotle explain the difference between a king and a statesman?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"When rule is personal, the ruler is called a king; when citizens rule and are ruled in turn according to political science, the ruler is called a statesman.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"How does the state emerge according to Book One?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"Starting from foundational relationships, society develops from the family to the village, and from villages to a complete self-sufficient community that exists for the sake of a good life.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":50,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":57,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":50},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,99,103,108,113,118,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},80,"literature",{"id":51,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":104,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":109,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]