[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-587267-105":59,"doc-detail-587267-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","policy-brief-partnership-for-public-education-core-responsibilities-in-k-12-public-education-funding-how-does-delaware-compare","POLICY BRIEF - PARTNERSHIP FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION - CORE RESPONSIBILITIES IN K-12 PUBLIC EDUCATION FUNDING - How Does Delaware Compare?","","Policy brief analyzing core state responsibilities in K-12 public education finance and comparing Delaware’s performance. The brief reviews how school spending affects achievement, especially for economically disadvantaged students, then evaluates Delaware’s state-level funding effort versus how it allocates funds and incentivizes district contributions. Using 2021–22 district finance data, poverty estimates, and ELL measures, it argues Delaware contributes a comparatively high share at the state level but allocates spending and motivates district participation less effectively. It also notes ongoing reform efforts such as statewide property re-appraisal.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/policy-brief-partnership-for-public-education-core-responsibilities-in-k-12-public-education-funding-how-does-delaware-compare/587267/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/policy-brief-partnership-for-public-education-core-responsibilities-in-k-12-public-education-funding-how-does-delaware-compare/587267.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"วิน","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What prompted the legal and policy changes discussed for Delaware school funding?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Delaware was sued over whether its school finance system was sufficiently funded and fairly distributed. A settlement in 2021 led to an Opportunity Fund, but advocates argue it remains insufficient, driving continued reform efforts.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which three core state responsibilities does the brief evaluate?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The brief evaluates (1) the level of spending, (2) the distribution/allocation of spending, and (3) regulation of district contributions to education funding.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the brief characterize Delaware’s strengths and weaknesses?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The brief concludes Delaware performs reasonably well on the state-level funding effort, but fares poorly regarding how funds are allocated and regarding encouraging districts to contribute to education funding.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},587267,1792209565,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336475104736,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/22000c4c5e0e5b17e70?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1786591360781797222","POLICY BRIEF  \n PARTNERSHIP FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION  \nCORE RESPONSIBILITIES IN K-12 PUBLIC EDUCATION FUNDING:  \nHow Does Delaware Compare?  \nKen Shores, Ph. D.  \nPhoto by Markus Spiske on Unsplash  \nIntroduction  \nThe state of Delaware was sued because many viewed its school finance system as insufficiently funded and unfairly distributed. This suit resulted in a settlement in 2021, part of which culminated in an Opportunity Fund, which was intended to provide aid to economically disadvantaged students. Nevertheless, many advocates feel like this settlement was insufficient and there is continued effort both among reformers and legislators to change Delaware school funding policy, specifically related to how funding is raised via state and local taxes, how much funding the state and local governments contribute, and how funding is to be allocated.  \nIn this brief, I highlight three core responsibilities that states typically undertake in funding public K-12 education and assess how Delaware fares with respect to these responsibilities. I argue that 1) Delaware performs reasonably well with respect to its state-level funding effort, 2) fares poorly with respect to how it allocates these funds, and 3) fares poorly with respect to encouraging districts to contribute to education funding. Delaware is making important inroads in reforming its school funding system, notably by conducting a property re-appraisal across the state. I hope that this brief helps highlight some areas of growth for reformers in the state.  \nBefore describing these core responsibilities, it is worth emphasizing that school spending does matter for student learning, and matters more for economically disadvantaged students, but it is not a panacea. The best evidence of these results comes from a meta-  \n[https://sites.udel.edu/ppe](https://sites.udel.edu/ppe)  ppe-info@udel.edu  @UDelPPE  \nanalysis of 32 studies from Jackson and Mackavecius (2022) showing that school spending increases student learning, as measured by test scores and high school completion. This also showed that when school funding increased, much of the gains in student learning occurred for economically disadvantaged students, by about two-fold. Lastly, in terms of magnitudes, results indicate that $5,000 per pupil sustained for four years would increase test scores for students from about the 50th percentile (i.e., the median) to the 56th percentile.1 This increase in student learning is meaningful, but not a panacea. To put this result in context, in the 2022 4th grade math assessment for the National Assessment for Educational Progress (NAEP), Delaware scores 226, -9 points behind the national average, equivalent to the difference between a student scoring atthe 50th and 62nd percentiles. Thus, we might not expect $5,000 per year for four years to result in students reaching the national average, but it would move the needle considerably.  \nAbout the Data  \nIn the following analyses, I bring in data from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) fiscal and non-fiscal files for the year 2021-22, the most recent year for which district finance data is available for all districts. I gathered district poverty data from the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimate (SAIPE) issued by the US Census for the same year. Because the SAIPE poverty estimates are geographic estimates, applicable to geographic boundaries and not local education agencies specifically, I consolidate all school districts into their geographic boundary using the geolocated crosswalk made available from the Stanford Education Data Archive (SEDA). This crosswalk combines independent charter school districts with the district in their geographic boundary, allowing for a child poverty rate for all children in that boundary. Finance data are likewise consolidated. While this consolidation means I cannot evaluate charter districts specifically, as I cannot observe child poverty for that charter agency using the SAIPE, it doe","cbCaib3wKl9wx6GO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaib3wKl9wx6GO","pdf",2618406,11,"English","# Introduction\n# About the Data\n# Three Core Responsibilities for Funding K-12\n## Level of Spending","[{\"question\":\"What prompted the legal and policy changes discussed for Delaware school funding?\",\"answer\":\"Delaware was sued over whether its school finance system was sufficiently funded and fairly distributed. A settlement in 2021 led to an Opportunity Fund, but advocates argue it remains insufficient, driving continued reform efforts.\"},{\"question\":\"Which three core state responsibilities does the brief evaluate?\",\"answer\":\"The brief evaluates (1) the level of spending, (2) the distribution/allocation of spending, and (3) regulation of district contributions to education funding.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the brief characterize Delaware’s strengths and weaknesses?\",\"answer\":\"The brief concludes Delaware performs reasonably well on the state-level funding effort, but fares poorly regarding how funds are allocated and regarding encouraging districts to contribute to education funding.\"}]","POLICY BRIEF - PARTNERSHIP FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION - CORE RESPONSIBILITIES IN K-12 PUBLIC EDUCATION FUNDING - How Does Delaware Compare? | PDF",1792061295,28]