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In 2020, 1320 biocidal-product related calls (8.0% of 16,441 total) were documented, with 99% involving surface disinfectants, hand sanitisers, insecticides, and rodenticides. Most cases were accidental with ingestion or inhalation; most patients were asymptomatic or had mild to moderate symptoms. Hand sanitisers increased markedly in 2020–2021, surface disinfectants rose after 2022, while rodenticides and insecticides remained stable.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/poisoning-with-biocidal-products-before-and-after-the-covid-19-pandemic-report-from-the-croatian-poison-control-centre/444672/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/poisoning-with-biocidal-products-before-and-after-the-covid-19-pandemic-report-from-the-croatian-poison-control-centre/444672.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Ben ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-05","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What dataset and time span were used to study biocidal-product poisoning trends?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study used all CPCC 24/7 telephone consultation records and extracted data from suspected or symptomatic human poisoning cases involving a biocide as an active substance, covering 2019–2024.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which biocidal product types accounted for nearly all reported cases?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Across the period, 99% of cases involved four main types: surface disinfectants, hand sanitisers, insecticides, and rodenticides.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How did poisoning trends change for hand sanitisers and surface disinfectants during and after COVID-19?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Hand sanitisers rose significantly during the pandemic peak (2020–2021) compared with 2019, then decreased somewhat in 2022–2024 but stayed higher than before the pandemic. Surface disinfectant poisonings stayed similar during 2019–2021 and increased after the pandemic (2022–2024).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},444672,1791162486,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},2336478951081,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","259  \nVeledar E, et al. Poisoning with biocidal products before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: report from the Croatian Poison Control Centre Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2025;76:259–264  \nOriginal article  \nDOI: 10.2478/aiht-2025-76-4059  \nPoisoning with biocidal products before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: report from the Croatian Poison Control Centre  \nEmin Veledar, Željka Babić, and Jelena Macan  \nInstitute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Occupational and Environmental Health,  \nPoison Control Centre, Zagreb, Croatia  \n[Received in October 2025; Similarity Check in October 2025; Accepted in November 2025]  \nData collected by the Croatian Poison Control Centre (CPCC) in 2020 showed a significant increase in poisoning incidence with surface disinfectants and hand sanitisers compared to the same period in 2019. Considering that this rise in poisoning with biocidal products (BPs) coincided with the start of the COVID pandemic, we wanted to see if there was a trend by analysing six-years’worth of CPCC records of biocidal poisoning cases covering the COVID-19 pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic period (2019–2024). During that period, we received 1320 BP-related calls (8.0 % of a total of 16.441 calls), and 99 % involved four types of BPs: surface disinfectants (542 cases), hand sanitisers (325 cases), insecticides (283 cases), and rodenticides (119 cases). Most poisonings were accidental and involved ingestion and inhalation as the exposure routes. Most patients were asymptomatic or had mild to moderate symptoms, while severe symptoms were mainly observed in suicide attempts, accounting for less than 3.0 % of the cases. Our analysis confirmed an increase in poisoning cases with hand sanitisers during the height of the pandemic (2020–2021) compared to the pre-pandemic 2019, with the numbers somewhat decreasing afterwards (2022–2024), although the number of cases remained higher than before the pandemic. The number of poisonings with surface disinfectants remained similar before and during the pandemic (2019–2021) but showed an increasing trend after the pandemic (2022–2024). Poisoning with rodenticides and insecticides remained stable across all periods. Our findings reinforce the need for greater public awareness of preventive measures, including appropriate labelling and packaging of biocidal products, and for the promotion of safe behaviour in households and workplaces.  \nKEY WORDS: children; hand sanitisers; insecticides; prevention; rodenticides; surface disinfectants  \nAccording to the Croatian Ministry of Health, biocidal products are chemical substances and mixtures containing one or more active substances whose purpose is to destroy, deter, render harmless, or control any harmful organisms or pests in a way that does not involve physical or mechanical action (1). They are divided into four main groups – disinfectants, preservatives, pest control, and other (2)(Table 1)–and can result in accidental poisoning if used and stored improperly in households or workplaces. The Croatian Poison Control Centre (CPCC) discovered concerning household habits, where one-third of parents occasionally stored products outside their original packaging and one-fifth used products intended solely for outdoor use inside the home, often failing to keep them in a safe place out of children’s reach (3). CPCC data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed significant changes in the patterns of disinfectant exposure. In the first half of 2019, surface disinfectants accounted for 1.8 % and hand sanitisers for only 0.4 % of all cases. In the first half of 2020, when the pandemic broke out, these percentages soared: surface disinfectants made up 3.4 % and hand sanitisers 3.8 % of all reported poisoning cases. At the same time, CPCC noted a notable increase in occupational exposure to disinfectants (4) and an overall increase of about 20 % between 2019 and 2024 (5–10). A similar trend was reported by the European ","cbCaiu4ihaBE8n3v","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiu4ihaBE8n3v","pdf",482123,"English","# Methods\n## Data source and case selection\n## Classification and analysis variables\n# Results\n## Call volume and biocide product types\n## Exposure routes and clinical severity\n## Trends across pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods\n# Discussion\n## Public awareness and preventive measures","[{\"question\":\"What dataset and time span were used to study biocidal-product poisoning trends?\",\"answer\":\"The study used all CPCC 24/7 telephone consultation records and extracted data from suspected or symptomatic human poisoning cases involving a biocide as an active substance, covering 2019–2024.\"},{\"question\":\"Which biocidal product types accounted for nearly all reported cases?\",\"answer\":\"Across the period, 99% of cases involved four main types: surface disinfectants, hand sanitisers, insecticides, and rodenticides.\"},{\"question\":\"How did poisoning trends change for hand sanitisers and surface disinfectants during and after COVID-19?\",\"answer\":\"Hand sanitisers rose significantly during the pandemic peak (2020–2021) compared with 2019, then decreased somewhat in 2022–2024 but stayed higher than before the pandemic. Surface disinfectant poisonings stayed similar during 2019–2021 and increased after the pandemic (2022–2024).\"}]","Poisoning with biocidal products before and after the COVID-19 pandemic - report from the Croatian Poison Control Centre | PDF",1790708846,15]