[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-664124-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":80,"doc-detail-664124-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","plumbing-systems-of-agricultural-sprayers","Plumbing Systems of Agricultural Sprayers","","Guidance explains plumbing systems for agricultural sprayers, emphasizing that problems arise when plumbing, modifications, or maintenance are improper or neglected. It reviews how pump selection shapes system performance, comparing positive displacement and nonpositive displacement pumps and linking differences to flow behavior under pressure and speed. The document details key pump selection factors like discharge capacity and provides a pump capacity formula, plus operational and plumbing guidance for centrifugal and other positive displacement configurations.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/plumbing-systems-of-agricultural-sprayers/664124/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/plumbing-systems-of-agricultural-sprayers/664124.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Damian","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":30},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"Why can sprayer performance problems occur even when plumbing systems are considered foolproof?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"Sprayer problems occur when plumbing or modifications are improperly done or when routine maintenance is ignored. Retrofitting, adding electrical controls, or replacing pumps/nozzles requires proper knowledge of plumbing impacts on performance.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"What is the key difference between positive displacement and nonpositive displacement pumps?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Positive displacement pumps move a specific liquid volume per stroke/revolution, so output is proportional to speed and virtually independent of pressure. Nonpositive displacement pumps’ output varies with pump speed and is sensitive to pressure, typically decreasing as pressure increases.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"How is pump capacity determined for agricultural sprayer operation?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Pump capacity is calculated from boom requirements plus agitation requirements, self-cleaning strainer flow, additional flow for by-pass valve operation, and 20% extra capacity for pump wear. If the pump output cannot meet nozzle and agitation requirements, it should be overhauled or replaced.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},664124,1793240315,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":30,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":106,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":79,"read_time":143},137451208677,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Publication 442-452  \nPlumbing Systems of Agricultural Sprayers  \nRobert Grisso, Extension Engineer, Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech  \nThe plumbing systems of agricultural sprayers are usually considered foolproof. Sprayer problems may occur if plumbing and/or modifications are improperly done or maintenance is ignored. Retrofitting, addition of electrical control systems, and replacement of pumps or nozzles require proper knowledge of the plumbing system and the implications of these changes to sprayer performance. Routine maintenance of the plumbing system is essential.  \nPumps  \nA major component of the plumbing system is the pump. The characteristics of a particular pump will usually define the plumbing system. Most pumps are categorized as positive displacement or nonpositive displacement pumps.  \nThe positive displacement pump moves a specific volume of liquid with each stroke or revolution. The pump output is proportional to speed and virtually independent of pressure. Examples of positive displacement pumps include piston, roller and diaphragm.  \nThe output of nonpositive pumps varies directly with pump speed and is sensitive to pressure (Figure 1) . Typically, the output will decrease dramatically with increasing pressure. An example of a nonpositive pump is a centrifugal pump which has an impeller with curved vanes that rotates  \nCharacteristics of several pump types are outlined in Table 1. Of these types, roller, centrifugal, and piston pumps are the most widely used on agricultural spraying equipment.  \nAn important factor in pump selection is discharge capacity. The pump should have sufficient capacity to supply all the nozzles and other accessories, provide agitation and offset pump wear (20% greater capacity) .  \nFigure 1. Centrifugal and roller pump performance.  \nat high speeds. The liquid is drawn into the center of the impellers. Then the liquid is dispersed by centrifugal force around the edge of the pump casing and through the outlet.  \nTable 1. Pumps for agricultural sprayers.  \nPump Type  \nPressure Ranges (psi)  \nOperating Speeds (rpm)  \nFlow Rates (gpm)  \nDisplacement Type  \n\n| Centrifugal | 5-80 | 2000-4500 | 0-120 | nonpositive |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Diaphragm | 50-850 | 200-1200 | 1-60 | semipositive |\n| Piston | 400-1000 | 600-1800 | 5-60 | positive |\n| Roller | 50-300 | 300-1000 | 1-45 | positive |\n| Turbine | 5-60 | 600-1200 | 10-80 | nonpositive |\n\n[www.ext.vt.edu](www.ext.vt.edu)  \nProduced by Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, 2020  \nVirginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, regardless of age, color, disability, gender, gender identity, gender expression, national origin, political affiliation, race, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, veteran status, or any other basis protected by law. An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State University, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. Edwin J. Jones, Director, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; M. Ray McKinnie, Administrator, 1890 Extension Program, Virginia State University, Petersburg.  \nVT/0420/442-452(BSE-319P)  \nUse the following to determine pump capacity:  \nPump Capacity =(gpm)  \nBoom Requirements (gpm) +  \n{ ASO1get(itlfhegpatCr Amiole)nacRnceiensqgsouSreasmirtssm()))++} x 1.2  \nWhere:  \nBoom Requirements (gpm) = Number of nozzles x flow discharge per nozzle (gpm) .  \nAgitation Requirements (gpm) = Use guidelines given in  \nsection “Agitation,”  \nSelf Cleaning Strainer (gpm) = Extra flow needed to clean strainer, see section on “Strainers,”  \n1 (gpm) = Extra flow to assure proper operation of the by-pass valve, and  \n1.2 = 20% extra capacity for pump wear.  \nIf the output from a pump fails to meet the sprayer nozzle and agitation requirements, the pump should be overhauled or replaced.","cbCaicnQs9334g2E","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicnQs9334g2E","pdf",1405013,"English","# Pumps\n## Positive displacement pumps\n## Nonpositive displacement pumps\n# Pump selection factors\n## Discharge capacity\n# Pump capacity calculation\n# Plumbing system guidance\n## Centrifugal pump (nonpositive displacement)\n## Positive displacement pumps","[{\"question\":\"Why can sprayer performance problems occur even when plumbing systems are considered foolproof?\",\"answer\":\"Sprayer problems occur when plumbing or modifications are improperly done or when routine maintenance is ignored. Retrofitting, adding electrical controls, or replacing pumps/nozzles requires proper knowledge of plumbing impacts on performance.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the key difference between positive displacement and nonpositive displacement pumps?\",\"answer\":\"Positive displacement pumps move a specific liquid volume per stroke/revolution, so output is proportional to speed and virtually independent of pressure. Nonpositive displacement pumps’ output varies with pump speed and is sensitive to pressure, typically decreasing as pressure increases.\"},{\"question\":\"How is pump capacity determined for agricultural sprayer operation?\",\"answer\":\"Pump capacity is calculated from boom requirements plus agitation requirements, self-cleaning strainer flow, additional flow for by-pass valve operation, and 20% extra capacity for pump wear. If the pump output cannot meet nozzle and agitation requirements, it should be overhauled or replaced.\"}]","Plumbing Systems of Agricultural Sprayers | PDF",18]