[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-366923-105":59,"doc-detail-366923-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","plasma-based-digital-pcr-assay-for-early-detection-of-gastric-cancer-using-multiple-methylation-biomarkers","Plasma-based digital PCR assay for early detection of gastric cancer using multiple methylation biomarkers","","Plasma-based digital PCR assay for early gastric cancer detection was developed using DNA methylation biomarkers, addressing the limited participation and insufficient mortality reduction of invasive endoscopy. Genome-wide methylation profiling from 10,000+ samples guided biomarker selection, followed by validation in gastric cancer cell lines and tumor versus non-cancer tissues. In plasma from 60 patients (including 38 stage I) and 40 healthy controls, a two-marker panel achieved 83.3% sensitivity and 90% specificity, outperforming CEA testing. Adding GATM as a third marker increased sensitivity to 86.7% overall and 81.6% for stage I while preserving 90% specificity, enabling accurate noninvasive diagnosis.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/plasma-based-digital-pcr-assay-for-early-detection-of-gastric-cancer-using-multiple-methylation-biomarkers/366923/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/plasma-based-digital-pcr-assay-for-early-detection-of-gastric-cancer-using-multiple-methylation-biomarkers/366923.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"anakgang17","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why is early detection of gastric cancer difficult?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Early-stage gastric cancer is often asymptomatic or shows nonspecific symptoms, leading to delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis. Endoscopy, while accurate, is invasive and reduces patient participation.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were the DNA methylation biomarkers selected for the assay?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Genome-wide methylation profiles from over 10,000 samples were screened to identify candidates. Two markers (GHR and GLRB) were then validated in GC cell lines and tissues, and further assessed in plasma.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What diagnostic performance did the plasma digital PCR assay achieve?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The two-marker assay reached 83.3% sensitivity and 90% specificity, outperforming CEA testing. Incorporating a third marker (GATM) increased sensitivity to 86.7% overall and 81.6% for stage I while keeping 90% specificity.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},366923,1790336461,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},962090883568,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","[www. nature.com/scientificreports](www. nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nPlasma-based digital PCR assay for early detection of gastric cancer using multiple methylation biomarkers  \nYun Young Lee1, JoonAn1, Jinil Han1, Youngho Moon1 & Sang-Il Lee2􀀍  \nEndoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing gastric cancer (GC), but its invasiveness limits widespread participation and has not substantially reduced GC-related mortality. This study developed and validated a blood-based digital PCR assay for early GC detection using DNA methylation biomarkers. Genome-wide methylation profiles from over 10,000 samples were screened, and two candidates were validated in GC cell lines, tumors, matched non-cancerous tissues, and plasma. Plasma from 60 GC patients, including 38 with stage I disease, and 40 healthy controls was analyzed with a digital PCR assay targeting the selected biomarkers, using ACTB as a reference. GHR and GLRB methylation were identified as novel GC biomarkers, showing consistent hypermethylation inGC cell lines and tumor tissues. In plasma, the two-marker assay achieved 83.3%(95% CI 71.5%–91.7%) sensitivity and 90%(95% CI 76.3%–97.2%) specificity, clearly outperforming carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) testing (10.0%; 95% CI 3.8%–20.5%) . Incorporation of GATM methylation as a third marker increased sensitivity to 86.7%(95% CI 75.4%–94.1%) overall and 81.6%(95% CI 65.7%–92.3%) for stage I disease, while maintaining 90.0% specificity. This methylation-based digital PCR assay enabled accurate, noninvasive detection of GC, particularly at early stages, and may facilitate timely diagnosis and curative treatment.  \nKeywords Gastric cancer, Early diagnosis, DNA methylation, Digital PCR, Circulating tumor DNA, Biomarkers  \nGastric cancer (GC) is a major global health concern. It ranks fifth in global incidence and cancer-related mortality according to the GLOBOCAN 20221. The burden is particularly high in East Asia where rates exceed those in Western countries1,2. Despite reduced GC incidence following widespread Helicobacter pylori eradication, and improved early diagnosis through endoscopic screening in high-incidence countries, GC-specific mortality is substantial due to diagnosis at advanced stages3,4. Early-stage GC is often asymptomatic or presents with nonspecific symptoms, leading to delayed detection and poor prognosis5,6.  \nUpper gastrointestinal endoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing and screening gastric neoplasms due to its high accuracy in detecting early lesions. However, it is invasive, expensive, and uncomfortable for patients, limiting patient participation especially those who are asymptomatic7,8. Other diagnostic options, including serum tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and imaging modalities such as abdominal CT (computed tomography) or positron emission tomography (PET), have limited sensitivity for earlystage disease9, 10. In countries that have implemented national screening programs, such as Korea and Japan, adherence is still suboptimal and many cases continue to be diagnosed at advanced stages11, 12. These limitations underscore the urgent need for noninvasive molecular diagnostic approaches to improve screening participation and facilitate earlier detection of GC.  \nTo address the limitations of conventional diagnostic tools, liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising noninvasive strategy for cancer detection and disease monitoring13. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), one of the key analytes in liquid biopsy, enables detection of tumor-derived genetic and epigenetic alterations in blood allowing earlier and less invasive diagnosis13, 14. Particularly, DNA methylation profiling of ctDNA in earlystage cancers is a promising technique because of its tumor specificity and higher abundance relative to somatic mutations15, 16. Digital PCR (dPCR) further offers a highly sensitive and quantitative detection method for low-  \n1Gencurix, Inc., Seoul 08382, Republic of Korea. 2Departmen","cbCaikAYH4AoCtxU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikAYH4AoCtxU","pdf",2046918,11,"English","# Introduction\n## Endoscopy as the gold standard and its limitations\n## Need for noninvasive molecular diagnostics\n## Liquid biopsy and ctDNA methylation\n# Methods and Development (overview)\n## Biomarker discovery and validation pipeline\n# Results\n## Diagnostic performance in plasma assays","[{\"question\":\"Why is early detection of gastric cancer difficult?\",\"answer\":\"Early-stage gastric cancer is often asymptomatic or shows nonspecific symptoms, leading to delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis. Endoscopy, while accurate, is invasive and reduces patient participation.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the DNA methylation biomarkers selected for the assay?\",\"answer\":\"Genome-wide methylation profiles from over 10,000 samples were screened to identify candidates. Two markers (GHR and GLRB) were then validated in GC cell lines and tissues, and further assessed in plasma.\"},{\"question\":\"What diagnostic performance did the plasma digital PCR assay achieve?\",\"answer\":\"The two-marker assay reached 83.3% sensitivity and 90% specificity, outperforming CEA testing. Incorporating a third marker (GATM) increased sensitivity to 86.7% overall and 81.6% for stage I while keeping 90% specificity.\"}]","Plasma-based digital PCR assay for early detection of gastric cancer using multiple methylation biomarkers | PDF",1790168234,28]