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A multifactorial, multitargeted intervention is needed to address signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis, including angiogenesis and metastasis. Plants provide phytotherapeutics with strong anticancer potential, and epidemiological evidence links diets rich in fruits and vegetables to reduced cancer risk. Natural plant polyphenols and related phytochemicals can support anticancer prophylaxis and therapy through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and through modulation of molecular events. The review focuses on key phytochemicals and signaling circuits, and also covers plant-derived vaccines, nanoparticles, monoclonal antibodies, and immunotherapies, highlighting low-cost plant-based platforms valuable in resource-limited settings.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/plant-derived-anti-cancer-therapeutics-and-biopharmaceuticals-review/337241/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/plant-derived-anti-cancer-therapeutics-and-biopharmaceuticals-review/337241.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aurelia","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why are multitargeted approaches emphasized for anticancer intervention?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Cancer involves multiple signaling pathways in carcinogenesis, including angiogenesis and metastasis. The document highlights the need for multifactorial and multitargeted strategies to address this complexity.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does a diet rich in vegetables and fruits relate to cancer risk?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The text states that epidemiological data indicate such diets could decrease the risk of certain cancers. It attributes this to phytochemicals with detoxification, free-radical scavenging, and antioxidant properties.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What phytochemicals and plant-based platforms are discussed as anticancer options?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review discusses principal phytochemicals, including natural plant polyphenols and related compounds, focusing on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms and signaling modulation. It also addresses plant-derived vaccines, nanoparticles, monoclonal antibodies, and immunotherapies.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},337241,1790497337,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},1099514068365,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/10000253d8d9f28188e?_k=1776742907772140068","Review  \nPlant-Derived Anti-Cancer Therapeutics and Biopharmaceuticals  \nGhyda Murad Hashim 1, Mehdi Shahgolzari 2, Kathleen Hefferon 1, Afagh Yavari 3  \nand Srividhya Venkataraman 1, *  \nAcademic Editor: Christoph Herwig  \nReceived: 13 November 2024  \nRevised: 13 December 2024  \nAccepted: 19 December 2024  \nPublished: 25 December 2024  \nCitation: Hashim, G.M.; Shahgolzari, M.; Hefferon, K.; Yavari, A.; Venkataraman, S. Plant-Derived Anti-Cancer Therapeutics and Biopharmaceuticals. Bioengineering 2025, 12, 7. [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)bioengineering12010007  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada  \n2 Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 65175-4171, Iran  \n3 Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran P.O. Box 19395-3697, Iran  \n* [Correspondence: vidya.venkataraman@utoronto.ca or byokem@hotmail.com](Correspondence: vidya.venkataraman@utoronto.ca or byokem@hotmail.com)  \nAbstract: In spite of significant advancements in diagnosis and treatment, cancer remains one of the major threats to human health due to its ability to cause disease with high morbidity and mortality. A multifactorial and multitargeted approach is required towards intervention of the multitude of signaling pathways associated with carcinogenesis inclusive of angiogenesis and metastasis. In this context, plants provide an immense source of phytotherapeutics that show great promise as anticancer drugs. There is increasing epidemiological data indicating that diets rich in vegetables and fruits could decrease the risks of certain cancers. Several studies have proved that natural plant polyphenols, such as flavonoids, lignans, phenolic acids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, isoprenoids, terpenes, and stilbenes, could be used in anticancer prophylaxis and therapeutics by recruitment of mechanisms inclusive of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and modulation of several molecular events associated with carcinogenesis. The current review discusses the anticancer activities of principal phytochemicals with focus on signaling circuits towards targeted cancer prophylaxis and therapy. Also addressed are plant-derived anti-cancer vaccines, nanoparticles, monoclonal antibodies, and immunotherapies. This review article brings to light the importance of plants and plant-based platforms as invaluable, low-cost sources of anti-cancer molecules of particular applicability in resource-poor developing countries.  \nKeywords: cancer; phytochemicals; PVNPs; VLPs; MABs; phototherapy; plant viruses  \n1. Introduction  \nCancer is one of the most lethal diseases affecting humans due to its capability to metastasize, failure to treat and manage the disease appropriately, and lack of comprehensive knowledge of development mechanisms associated with cancer. Currently, the basic approaches in the treatment of cancer include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Such strategies do provide efficacy in the treatment of patients having early-stage cancers and non-metastatic cancers. However, they are by and large ineffective in achieving long-lasting beneficial effects in patients suffering from late-stage cancers and are often burdened with major impediments, such as the elicitation of resistance rendering chemotherapy ineffective in the long run, high toxicity associated with prolonged use of chemotherapy [1], and the occurrence of severe adverse side-effects caused by overall radiation doses as well as the destructive impacts of cytotoxic drugs on healthy human cells and physiological functions [2] .","cbCaiag5vmsef1t1","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiag5vmsef1t1","pdf",2848499,56,"English","# Introduction\n## Cancer treatment challenges and need for alternative approaches\n## Diet, phytochemicals, and chemoprevention\n## Medicinal plants as adjuvants and targeted modulation\n## Immunotherapy and monoclonal antibody-based killing","[{\"question\":\"Why are multitargeted approaches emphasized for anticancer intervention?\",\"answer\":\"Cancer involves multiple signaling pathways in carcinogenesis, including angiogenesis and metastasis. The document highlights the need for multifactorial and multitargeted strategies to address this complexity.\"},{\"question\":\"How does a diet rich in vegetables and fruits relate to cancer risk?\",\"answer\":\"The text states that epidemiological data indicate such diets could decrease the risk of certain cancers. It attributes this to phytochemicals with detoxification, free-radical scavenging, and antioxidant properties.\"},{\"question\":\"What phytochemicals and plant-based platforms are discussed as anticancer options?\",\"answer\":\"The review discusses principal phytochemicals, including natural plant polyphenols and related compounds, focusing on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms and signaling modulation. It also addresses plant-derived vaccines, nanoparticles, monoclonal antibodies, and immunotherapies.\"}]","Plant-Derived Anti-Cancer Therapeutics and Biopharmaceuticals - Review | PDF",1790018275,141]