[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-602795-105":59,"doc-detail-602795-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","planning-for-cyber-security-in-schools-the-human-factor","PLANNING FOR CYBER SECURITY IN SCHOOLS - THE HUMAN FACTOR","","Cybersecurity has emerged as one of the most critical issues confronting schools in the 21st century. While computer security helps protect children, K-12 schools are attractive targets for data privacy crimes because cybersecurity practices are often less effective. The human factor drives many successful attacks: uneducated users become weak links exploited through social engineering. Formal cybersecurity awareness is needed to reduce exploitation of human vulnerabilities.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/planning-for-cyber-security-in-schools-the-human-factor/602795/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/planning-for-cyber-security-in-schools-the-human-factor/602795.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"dabgoudw","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"Why are K-12 schools attractive targets for cyber criminals?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"K-12 schools are often targeted because they may use less effective cybersecurity practices. 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It also includes technical interventions that protect data, identity information, and hardware.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},602795,1792095243,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},3985747860484,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","PLANNING FOR CYBER SECURITY IN SCHOOLS: THE HUMAN FACTOR  \nMICHAEL D. RICHARDSON  \nColumbus State University, U.S.A.  \nPAMELA A. LEMOINE  \nTroy University, U.S.A.  \nWALTER E. STEPHENS  \nHouston County Schools, Georgia, U.S.A.  \nROBERT E. WALLER  \nColumbus State University, U.S.A.  \nABSTRACT  \nCybersecurity has emerged as one of the most critical issues confronting schools in the 21st century. Computer security is an essential instrument for protecting children, but K-12 schools are considered one of the most attractive targets for data privacy crimes often due to the less-thaneffective cybersecurity practices in schools. The human factor is the underlying reason why many attacks on school computers and systems are successful because the uneducated computer user is the weakest link targeted by cyber criminals using social engineering. Formal cyber security awareness is required to mitigate the exploitation of human vulnerabilities by computer hackers and attackers.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nMuch of the world is now in cyber space and cyber security has become a massive issue with many facets of schools (Arlitsch & Edelman, 2014). Cybersecurity has brought about research, discussion, papers, tools for monitoring, tools for management, etc., with much of the focus from the schools’ side concerning the protection of their data and information (Seemma, Nandhini, & Sowmiya, 2018) . As a result of increased dependence on the Internet, cybersecurity has emerged as one of the critical issues confronting schools in the 21st century (Gioe, Goodman, & Wanless, 2019). The reliance on a complex technology infrastructure has come with a price: by accepting the Internet so widely, schools have exposed themselves to a range of nefarious cyber activities by a spectrum of offenders looking for school data and information (Shen, Chen, & Su, 2017) .  \nGovernments, businesses and schools have been victims of cyber thefts, cyber-crime, and cyber disruption. Despite recent heightened attention and increased levels of security investmentsin cybersecurity, the number of cyber incidents, their associated costs, and their impact on people’s lives continues to rise (Abomhara & Koien, 2015). As computing and communications technologies become more entrenched in the global economy and as society enters the era of the “Internet of Everything”(IoE), security compromise of these systems will rise as well (Bailaszewski, 2015) .  \nFor the early years of technology use human factors remained unexplored and unquestioned. However, the increasing cyber-attacks, data breaches, and ransomware attacks are often a result of human-enabled errors; in fact, researchers indicate that as much as 95% of all cyber incidents are human-enabled (Nobles, 2018) . Cybersecurity is fundamentally a case of human and automation teaming so both the machine and human are potentially vulnerable. The research results show that  \nEducational Planning 2020 23 Vol. 27, No. 2  \nthe greatest security vulnerability is the lack of the awareness of employees (Safa, Sookhak, Von Solms, Furnell, Ghani, & Herawan, 2015). While tools and technology are important, people are the most important element of a cybersecurity strategy.  \nWHAT IS CYBERSECURITY?  \nCyber security is defined as measures taken to protect a computer or network against unauthorized access to maintain the safety and integrity of the information stored within (Aloul, 2012) . Cybersecurity involves the technical interventions that protect data, identity information, and hardware from unauthorized access or harm including security of assets in cyberspace. More formally put, cyber security is defined by Craigen, Diakun-Thibault and Purse (2014) as: “the organization and collection of resources, processes, and structures used to protect specific assets in cyberspace and cyberspace-enabled systems from occurrences that misalign de jure from de facto property rights” (p. 13) . Further, Seemma, Nandhini, and Sowmiya (2018) reported that “cyber secur","cbCaiaHf2CAj6iCi","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaHf2CAj6iCi","pdf",187764,17,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# What is Cybersecurity?\n# Why is Cybersecurity Important to Schools?\n## A Partial List of Unique, Voluminous, and Valuable Data Stored by Schools","[{\"question\":\"Why are K-12 schools attractive targets for cyber criminals?\",\"answer\":\"K-12 schools are often targeted because they may use less effective cybersecurity practices. Sensitive data and an open-access culture increase their exposure to cyber activities.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the human factor contribute to successful cyber attacks in schools?\",\"answer\":\"Many attacks succeed because uneducated users are the weakest links. Cyber criminals use social engineering to exploit human vulnerabilities.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the document’s definition of cybersecurity?\",\"answer\":\"Cybersecurity is presented as measures taken to protect computers or networks from unauthorized access, maintaining the safety and integrity of stored information. It also includes technical interventions that protect data, identity information, and hardware.\"}]","PLANNING FOR CYBER SECURITY IN SCHOOLS - THE HUMAN FACTOR | PDF",43]