[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-122066-en":3,"doc-seo-122066-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},122066,8796095461564,"Liam","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Research & Report","Pistachio Classification Based on Acoustic Systems and Machine Learning","An acoustic emission and machine learning-based pistachio classification system is developed using Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) for audio feature extraction and a support vector machine (SVM) for binary classification. Closed-shell and open-shell pistachios are shown to produce distinct frequency components when impacting a steel plate. Audio signals are recorded with a high-sensitivity carbon microphone via MATLAB acquisition, then processed with a Hamming window to suppress ambient noise. MFCC features are fed to FITCSVM to achieve high accuracy, supporting improved pistachio processing efficiency and product quality.","[https://doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.38221](https://doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.38221)  \nPistachio Classification Based on Acoustic Systems  \nand Machine Learning  \nYavuz Turkay*, Zekiye Seyma Tamay  \nDepartment of Electric Electronic Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University,  \nSivas, Turkiye  \n*[yturkay@cumhuriyet.edu.tr](yturkay@cumhuriyet.edu.tr); [20209233012@cumhuriyet.edu.tr](20209233012@cumhuriyet.edu.tr)  \nAbstract—An acoustic emission and machine learning-based system for pistachio classification has been developed, utilising Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) for feature extraction and a support vector machine (SVM) for classification. The study found that closed-shell pistachios produce different frequency components than open-shell pistachios when they hit a steel plate. Audio signals were recorded using a high-sensitivity carbon microphone and a MATLAB Analogue Input Recorder. These recordings were processed with a Hamming window to reduce ambient noise.  \nMFCCs, a leading method for extracting audio signal features, were used to differentiate between open- and closedshell pistachios. The extracted features were input into the fit classifier support vector machine (FITCSVM) algorithm for classification, which performs binary classification on low- or medium-sized data sets. The study achieved high accuracy in distinguishing between open- and closed-shell pistachios, highlighting the potential of this system for the pistachio industry to improve product quality and processing efficiency.  \nIn conclusion, the MFCC and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms effectively classified the pistachios by analysing acoustic emissions. This innovative approach shows promise in the development of more efficient methods in the processing of agricultural products.  \nIndex Terms—Pistachio; Classification; Impact acoustic; MFCC; SVM.  \nI. INTRODUCTION  \nPistachio is a hard shell fruit that belongs to the genus Pistacia. It is produced in large quantities in Mediterranean countries and in terms of cultivation area around the world; it is one of the most popular hard shell fruits, ranking sixth after almonds, walnuts, cashews, hazelnuts, and chestnuts [1]–[4] . Pistachio (Pistachio Vera) is a xeric fruit species that grows in the world, especially between 30 ° and 45 ° parallels, in regions where summers are hot and dry and winters are cold and rainy [5] . Their roots are quite long and deep because when pistachio trees are planted in weak soils and not fertilised, they grow by extending their roots much further than they were in their initial state to access the food and water they need [6] . The upper part ofits leaves is bright and the lower part is dull, and its fruits are in clustered. These clusters are called “Cumba” and the pistachio fruits are 10 mm–20 mm in length and 6 mm–12 mm in width. It has different shapes in width, from a long oval to a sphere. The  \nManuscript received 2 May, 2024; accepted 22 July, 2024.  \ninside is soft and usually red, while the outer shell is hard and some of it opens while the fruit is on the tree during ripening [7] .  \nPistachios are one of the most nutritious nuts [8] . Pistachios have 562 calories in a 100 g serving and are a rich source of protein, various dietary minerals, calcium, dietary fibre, vitamins B5 and B6, vitamin E, and thiamine [9], [10] . Pistachios are known to be beneficial in many areas, especially in heart health [11], [12] .  \nIt is estimated that pistachios have been grown in Iran for 3000–4000 years. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Iran, which accounts for 60 % of the global pistachio market, has become the world ’s largest pistachio producer, and in the Iranian economy, pistachioshave a significant share among non-oil export products [13],[15] . Iran is followed by the United States of America in second place in pistachio production [16], [17] . Although pistachio production has an important place in Turkey, it ranks third in the world afte","cbCaim7r7hi8ZVFI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaim7r7hi8ZVFI","pdf",731787,1,10,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Index Terms\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What acoustic and signal-processing approach is used for pistachio classification?\",\"answer\":\"The system uses acoustic emission recordings from impacts on a steel plate, extracted using MFCC features. A Hamming window is applied to reduce ambient noise before classification.\"},{\"question\":\"Which machine learning method performs the classification?\",\"answer\":\"A support vector machine (SVM) is used, specifically the FITCSVM algorithm for binary classification using the extracted MFCC feature vectors.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study differentiate open-shell and closed-shell pistachios?\",\"answer\":\"It relies on the finding that closed-shell pistachios produce different frequency components than open-shell pistachios in the recorded audio signals during impact.\"}]","Pistachio Classification Based on Acoustic Systems and Machine Learning | PDF",1785808664,25,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"pistachio-classification-based-on-acoustic-systems-and-machine-learning","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/pistachio-classification-based-on-acoustic-systems-and-machine-learning/122066/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-05","2026-08-04",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"What acoustic and signal-processing approach is used for pistachio classification?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"The system uses acoustic emission recordings from impacts on a steel plate, extracted using MFCC features. A Hamming window is applied to reduce ambient noise before classification.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"Which machine learning method performs the classification?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"A support vector machine (SVM) is used, specifically the FITCSVM algorithm for binary classification using the extracted MFCC feature vectors.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"How does the study differentiate open-shell and closed-shell pistachios?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"It relies on the finding that closed-shell pistachios produce different frequency components than open-shell pistachios in the recorded audio signals during impact.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,111,116,121,124,129,132,135],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":126,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":130,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":131},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":134},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]