[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-598919-105":59,"doc-detail-598919-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","pisa-in-finland-an-education-miracle-or-an-obstacle-to-change-read-online-free","PISA in Finland: An Education Miracle or an Obstacle to Change? - read online free","","The article examines how the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has shaped education policy and reform in Finland. It argues that PISA has shifted global attention from Anglo-Saxon systems toward Finland and other countries, providing evidence for the effectiveness of reforms implemented since the 1970s. At the same time, the article notes that relying on continuous renewal has become harder. The piece concludes that PISA is a vital benchmarking instrument, but policymakers and media must use its data more responsibly.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/pisa-in-finland-an-education-miracle-or-an-obstacle-to-change-read-online-free/598919/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/pisa-in-finland-an-education-miracle-or-an-obstacle-to-change-read-online-free/598919.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"jay","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What role does PISA play in Finland’s education policy and reforms?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"The article states that PISA has become evidence-based support for the success of Finland’s reforms since the 1970s, while also influencing how the system renews over time.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How is PISA different from other international assessments like TIMSS?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"TIMSS emphasizes curriculum learning within math and science, while PISA focuses on applying knowledge and skills in new situations for students at the beginning of upper secondary school.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why do international comparisons sometimes remain difficult despite improved data?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"The article highlights inconsistencies and significant gaps, and notes that teaching, leadership, and student learning outcomes can only be compared in limited areas of schooling.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},598919,1792116570,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},3985747858866,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","PISA in Finland:  \nAn Education Miracle or an Obstacle to Change?  \nPasi Sahlberg1  \n• The present article discusses the role and impact of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in Finland. PISA has created a new geography of education policies and reforms by shifting global interest away from Anglo-Saxon education systems to Asian countries, as well as to Finland and Canada in the West. The article describes how PISA has become evidence of the successful education reforms in Finland carried out since the 1970s, but at the same time has created a situation where the continuous renewal of the Finnish education system has become more difficult than before. The conclusion is that PISA is an important global benchmarking instrument, but that policy makers and the media need to make better use of the rich data that have been collected together with information about students’ academic performance.  \nKeywords: Education policy, Education reform, International student assessment, PISA  \nIntroduction  \nInternational benchmarking in education has become a lever for education reform. Indicators and especially data from various international student assessments are increasingly used as policy guides when targets for national education reforms are decided. Until very recently, this international benchmarking was done by using input statistics, such as enrolment ratios, class sizes, educational attainments and education spending. The main focus of educational performance in education systems that benchmark their policies and practices internationally is on student achievement in literacy, mathematics and science. Therefore, many national education policies today look similar – they focus on higher standards and closing achievement gaps by rewarding teachers for  \n1 Director General, CIMO, Helsinki FINLAND [pasi.sahlberg@cimo.fi](pasi.sahlberg@cimo.fi)  \nsuccessful accomplishment of these strategic goals.  \nThere are different ways to compare educational performance in different countries. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has developed a system of education indicators that provide its 34 member countries and its candidate countries with systematic checkpoints of educational performance. The OECD’s annual statistical reference publication, entitled Education at a Glance, is a commonly used policy guide in OECD countries and beyond. The European Commission provides similar education data for national policy making and benchmarking in European Union member and candidate countries. The United Nations maintains and shares education indicators that provide developing countries in particular with a global picture of how education systems around the world are performing. Although these global education data have become more systematic and reliable over the years, there are still inconsistencies and significant gaps that sometimes make international comparisons difficult. Aspects such as teaching, leadership and student learning outcomes can still only be compared in limited areas of schooling.  \nTwo institutions that administer major international student assessments are the International Educational Assessment (IEA), based in Boston College, U.S.A., and the OECD, located in Paris, France. The IEA conducts different studies in regular cycles, such as the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), the Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) and the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) . Participation in these studies is voluntary and often requires significant financial commitments from governments. The OECD coordinates the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), which was first implemented in 2000 in OECD member and candidate countries. It is worth noting that, although they measure the same areas of student achievement, these studies are not similar.  \nSince this journal issue discusses these international studies in more d","cbCaiiEY75DQ6UXS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiEY75DQ6UXS","pdf",246973,22,"English","# Introduction\n## International benchmarking and education indicators\n## Major international student assessments (IEA and OECD)\n## Finland before PISA\n## PISA and differences with TIMSS","[{\"question\":\"What role does PISA play in Finland’s education policy and reforms?\",\"answer\":\"The article states that PISA has become evidence-based support for the success of Finland’s reforms since the 1970s, while also influencing how the system renews over time.\"},{\"question\":\"How is PISA different from other international assessments like TIMSS?\",\"answer\":\"TIMSS emphasizes curriculum learning within math and science, while PISA focuses on applying knowledge and skills in new situations for students at the beginning of upper secondary school.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do international comparisons sometimes remain difficult despite improved data?\",\"answer\":\"The article highlights inconsistencies and significant gaps, and notes that teaching, leadership, and student learning outcomes can only be compared in limited areas of schooling.\"}]","PISA in Finland: An Education Miracle or an Obstacle to Change? - read online free | PDF",1792087840,55]