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Astaxanthin was chosen for its antioxidant, anti-ultraviolet damage, and anti-tumor effects, and the carrier was prepared by mixing melanoma cells with astaxanthin followed by extrusion to remove genetic material and inflammatory factors. Co-culture results show significantly improved inhibition of melanoma cell growth and metastasis versus astaxanthin alone, with no apparent harm to normal human cells, indicating selective transport. 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2Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan; 3Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 802, Taiwan; 4Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; 5Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; 6Bachelor Program of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; 7Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan; 8Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, University of Ulster, Belfast, BT15 1AB, Northern Ireland, UK; 9Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; 10Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan; 11Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan  \n*These authors contributed equally to this work  \nCorrespondence: Hui-Min David Wang, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, South Dist, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan, Tel +886-4-22840733\\#651; +886-935753718, Email [davidw@dragon.nchu.edu.tw](davidw@dragon.nchu.edu.tw)  \n\n| Background: Recently, the use of the tumor or its secretions as drug carriers has gradually become popular, with the advantages of high biocompatibility and enhanced drug delivery to specific cells. Melanoma is the most malignant tumor of all skin cancers; it is the most metastatic and, therefore, the most difficult to treat. The main purpose of this study is to develop nanovesicles with tumor cell membrane secretion properties to encapsulate target substances to enhance the therapeutic effect of cancer.\u003Cbr>Methods: Astaxanthin was selected as an anticancer drug due to our previous research finding that astaxanthin has extremely high antioxidant, anti-ultraviolet damage, and anti-tumor properties. The manufacturing method of the astaxanthin nanovesicle carrier is to mix melanoma cells and astaxanthin in an appropriate ratio and then remove the genetic material and inflammatory factors of cancer cells by extrusion.\u003Cbr>Results: In terms of results, after the co-culture of astaxanthin nanovesicles and melanoma cancer cells, it was confirmed that the ability of astaxanthin nanovesicles to inhibit the growth and metastasis of melanoma cancer cells was significantly better than the same amount of astaxanthin alone, and it had no effect on normal Human cells are also effective. There was no apparent harm on normal cells, indicating the ability of the vesicles to be selectively transported.\u003Cbr>Conclusion: Our findings illustrated the potential of astaxanthin nanovesicles as an anticancer drug.\u003Cbr>Keywords: melanoma, astaxanthin, nanoparticle |\n| --- |\n| Introduction\u003Cbr>It is very difficult to detect melanoma at an early stage because the initial form of melanoma is no different from normal spots or moles on the skin. However, melanoma expands very fast over time, and a large number of uneven small round bumps will appear quickly on the patient’s body.1 The rapid deterioration, coupled with the poor effect of existing treatment drugs, and the high cost of treatment, make it easy for patients to ignore it and give up on treatment, resulting in mortality. It has the highest perce","cbCaibbHU367A73y","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibbHU367A73y","pdf",6053813,13,"English","# Introduction\n## Background and clinical challenge\n## Current treatments and motivation for targeted nano-therapies\n# Methods\n## Drug selection and carrier preparation by extrusion\n# Results\n## Effects on melanoma growth and metastasis\n## Selectivity toward normal human cells\n# Conclusion\n## Potential of astaxanthin nanovesicles as an anticancer drug","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the study on melanoma treatment?\",\"answer\":\"To develop nanovesicles that use tumor cell membrane secretion properties to encapsulate target substances and improve therapeutic effectiveness in melanoma.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the astaxanthin nanovesicle carriers manufactured?\",\"answer\":\"Melanoma cells were mixed with astaxanthin in an appropriate ratio, and extrusion was used to remove genetic material and inflammatory factors from cancer cells.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the co-culture results show compared with astaxanthin alone?\",\"answer\":\"Astaxanthin nanovesicles significantly better inhibited melanoma cancer cell growth and metastasis than the same amount of astaxanthin alone.\"},{\"question\":\"Did the nanovesicles show effects on normal human cells?\",\"answer\":\"No apparent harm was observed on normal human cells, supporting the idea of selective transport by the vesicles.\"}]","Pioneering Astaxanthin-Tumor Cell Membrane Nanoparticles for Innovative Targeted Drug Delivery on Melanoma | PDF",1790019627,33]