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Pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) has attracted attention for its inhibitory effects on cancer cell migration and proliferation and for involvement in inflammation-related mechanisms. Evidence suggests that PEDF reduction can trigger inflammatory responses, supporting its role as an endogenous anti-inflammatory factor. This review consolidates PEDF’s contribution to selected GI cancer pathogenesis and its potential for early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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Inflammation to Cancer  \nSara Pa˛czek 1, Monika Zajkowska 1,2, * and Barbara Mroczko 1,2,3  \nCitation: Pa˛czek, S.; Zajkowska, M.; Mroczko, B. Pigment  \nEpithelial-Derived Factor in Pancreatic and Liver Cancers—From Inflammation to Cancer. Biomedicines 2024, 12, 2260. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/biomedicines12102260](10.3390/biomedicines12102260)  \nAcademic Editor: Bo-Ying Bao  \nReceived: 30 August 2024  \nRevised: 28 September 2024  \nAccepted: 3 October 2024  \nPublished: 4 October 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; [sara.paczek@uskwb.pl](sara.paczek@uskwb.pl) (S.P.); [barbara.mroczko@umb.edu.pl](barbara.mroczko@umb.edu.pl) (B.M.)  \n2 Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15 A, Waszyngtona St., 15-269 Białystok, Poland  \n3 Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland  \n* [Correspondence: monika.zajkowska@umb.edu.pl](Correspondence: monika.zajkowska@umb.edu.pl); Tel.: +48-85-686-5168  \nAbstract: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite the emergence of new possibilities that offer hope regarding the successful treatment of these cancers, they still represent a significant global health burden. These cancers can arise from various cell types within the gastrointestinal tract and may exhibit different characteristics, behaviors, and treatment approaches. Both the prognosis and the outcomes of GI treatment remain problematic because these tumors are primarily diagnosed in advanced clinical stages. Current biomarkers exhibit limited sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, when developing strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of GI cancers, it is of fundamental importance to discover new biomarkers capable of addressing the challenges of early-stage diagnosis and the presence of lymph node metastases. Pigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) has garnered interest due to its inhibitory effects on the migration and proliferation of cancer cells. This protein has been suggested to be involved in various inflammation-related diseases, including cancer, through various mechanisms. It was also observed that reducing the level of PEDF is sufficient to trigger an inflammatory response. This suggests that PEDF is an endogenous anti-inflammatory factor. Overall, PEDF is a versatile protein with diverse biological functions that span across different tissues and organ systems. Its multifaceted activities make it an intriguing target for therapeutic interventions in various diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders. This review, for the first time, summarizes the role of PEDF in the pathogenesis of selected GI cancers and its potential utility in early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies for this malignancy.  \nKeywords: PEDF; cancer; gastrointestinal malignancies; pancreatic cancer; hepatocellular carcinoma; biomarkers  \n1. Introduction  \n1.1. Pigment Epithelial-Derived Factor  \nPigment epithelial-derived factor (PEDF) is a glycoprotein encoded by the SER-PINF1 gene and has a molecular weight of 50 kDa. It belongs to the noninhibitor serine protease inhibitor (Serpin) family [1] . Similar to other serpins, PEDF has a tertiary structure consisting of three beta sheets and ten alpha helices. In addition, it contains a typical reactive center loop (RCL) in its structure, which is located near the C-terminus ","cbCaidg2dNTTuk47","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidg2dNTTuk47","pdf",2685361,17,"English","# 1. Introduction\n## 1.1. Pigment Epithelial-Derived Factor","[{\"question\":\"Why are current biomarkers inadequate for gastrointestinal cancer care?\",\"answer\":\"Current biomarkers show limited sensitivity and specificity, making it difficult to support early-stage diagnosis and to address lymph node metastases effectively.\"},{\"question\":\"What roles does PEDF play in cancer-related processes?\",\"answer\":\"PEDF is discussed as inhibiting cancer cell migration and proliferation, and as participating in inflammation-related mechanisms that can influence disease progression.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the review describe PEDF as a biomarker or therapeutic target?\",\"answer\":\"The review summarizes PEDF’s involvement in GI cancer pathogenesis and highlights its potential utility in early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies for these malignancies.\"}]","Pigment Epithelial-Derived Factor in Pancreatic and Liver Cancers - From Inflammation to Cancer - Review | PDF",1789983081,43]