[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-126158-en":3,"doc-seo-126158-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":93},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},126158,687207022233,"Riley","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Research & Report","Phytochemicals in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment - A Machine Learning Study","The discovery of new strategies and therapeutic agents is essential for improving pancreatic cancer treatment and increasing therapy efficacy. This study systematically reviewed 74 literature reports from 2006–2022 assessing in vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis of phytochemical concentrations and their combinations with conventional drugs or supplementary phytochemicals on human pancreatic cell lines. Using random forest regression and association rule mining on 34 plant-derived inputs, the models highlight phytochemical type, concentration, and cell-line type as key predictors of viability, while primary phytochemical type best explains apoptosis.","This article is licensed under CC-BY 4.0   \n[http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodf](http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodf)  Article   \nPhytochemicals in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment: A Machine Learning Study  \nDestina Ekingen Genc,§ Ozlem Ozbek,§ Burcu Oral,§ Ramazan Yıldırım,* and Nazar Ileri Ercan*  \n Cite This: ACS Omega 2024, 9, 413−421  \nRead Online  \nACCESS  \n Metrics & More  \n Article Recommendations  \n*sı   \nSupporting Information  \nDownloaded via ORTA DOGU TEKNIK UNIV on March 5, 2024 at 08:08:03 (UTC) . See [https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines](https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines) for options on how to legitimately share published articles.  \nABSTRACT: The discovery of new strategies and novel therapeutic agents is crucial to improving the current treatment methods and increasing the efficacy of cancer therapy. Phytochemicals, naturally occurring bioactive constituents derived from plants, have great potential in preventing and treating various diseases, including cancer. This study reviewed 74 literature studies published between 2006 and 2022 that conducted in vitro cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis analyses of the different concentrations of phytochemicals and their combinations with conventional drugs or supplementary phytochemicals on human pancreatic cell lines. From 34 plant-derived phytochemicals on 20 human pancreatic cancer cell lines, a total of 11 input and 2 output variables have been used to construct the data set that contained 2161 different instances. The machine learning approach has been implemented using random forest for regression, whereas association rule mining has been used to determine the effects of individual phytochemicals. The random forest models developed are generally good, indicating that the phytochemical type, its concentration, and the type of cell line are the most important descriptors for predicting the cell viability. However, for predicting cell apoptosis the primary phytochemical type is the most significant descriptor . Among the studied phytochemicals, catechin and indole-3-carbinol were found to be non-cytotoxic at all concentrations irrespective of the treatment time. On the other hand, berbamine and resveratrol were strongly cytotoxic with cell viabilities of less than 40% at a concentration range between 10 and 100 μM and above 100 μM, respectively, which brings them forward as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.  \n■ INTRODUCTION  \nPancreatic cancer is highly prevalent and one of the most fatal forms of cancer worldwide. According to the American Cancer Society Cancer Statistics Center, pancreatic cancer is estimated to become the 10th most common cancer type, and its mortality is estimated to rise to third place among the other cancer forms in 2023.1  \nAlthough the inheritance of pancreatic cancer constitutes approximately 10% of the cases,2 independent risk factors, including smoking,2 obesity,3 and alcohol intake,4 were also found to be influential in cancer development. Some studies demonstrated a relationship between pancreatic cancer with gender and age as well;5 men are more likely than women to have pancreatic cancer,6 and increased age positively correlates with the incidence and death rates.7  \nRadiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are the alternative methods for pancreatic cancer treatment; however, the most effective way is still to undergo surgery.8 In chemotherapy, one of the most widely used methods, many drugs, including gemcitabine,9 5-fluorouracil,8 capecitabine, 10 and methotrexate, 11 are used as therapeutic agents. Yet, these drugs might have side effects like dosage limitations and chemoresistance. 12 Therefore, alternative approaches are  \n© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society  \nrequired to discover new potential drugs or their combinations with traditional medications.  \nPhytochemicals are naturally occurring biologically active substances derived from plants.13 Several phytochemicals were s","cbCaisGGLQBiTLeh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisGGLQBiTLeh","pdf",2903330,5,1,9,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What data did the study use to build its machine learning dataset?\",\"answer\":\"The study reviewed 74 literature studies (2006–2022) and extracted results from 20 human pancreatic cancer cell lines. It used 11 input variables and 2 output variables representing phytochemical types, concentrations, combinations, and resulting cytotoxicity or apoptosis measures, forming 2161 instances.\"},{\"question\":\"Which methods were used for prediction and effect analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Random forest regression was used to predict outcomes related to cell viability, while association rule mining was applied to determine the effects of individual phytochemicals.\"},{\"question\":\"What key factors most strongly influenced predicted cell viability and apoptosis?\",\"answer\":\"For cell viability, the most important descriptors were phytochemical type, its concentration, and the type of cell line. For predicting cell apoptosis, the primary phytochemical type was the most significant descriptor.\"}]","Phytochemicals in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment - A Machine Learning Study | PDF",1785903458,23,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":88,"head_meta":90,"extra_data":92,"updated_unix":29},"phytochemicals-in-pancreatic-cancer-treatment-a-machine-learning-study","",{"@graph":37,"@context":87},[38,55,70],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,49,52],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":48},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":50,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":51},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":53,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":54},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/phytochemicals-in-pancreatic-cancer-treatment-a-machine-learning-study/126158/",4,{"url":53,"name":13,"@type":56,"author":57,"headline":13,"publisher":59,"fileFormat":62,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":63,"datePublished":64,"encodingFormat":62,"isAccessibleForFree":65,"interactionStatistic":66},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":58},"Person",{"url":42,"name":60,"@type":61},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-24","2026-08-05",true,{"@type":67,"interactionType":68,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":69},"ViewAction",{"@type":71,"mainEntity":72},"FAQPage",[73,79,83],{"name":74,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":76},"What data did the study use to build its machine learning dataset?","Question",{"text":77,"@type":78},"The study reviewed 74 literature studies (2006–2022) and extracted results from 20 human pancreatic cancer cell lines. It used 11 input variables and 2 output variables representing phytochemical types, concentrations, combinations, and resulting cytotoxicity or apoptosis measures, forming 2161 instances.","Answer",{"name":80,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":81},"Which methods were used for prediction and effect analysis?",{"text":82,"@type":78},"Random forest regression was used to predict outcomes related to cell viability, while association rule mining was applied to determine the effects of individual phytochemicals.",{"name":84,"@type":75,"acceptedAnswer":85},"What key factors most strongly influenced predicted cell viability and apoptosis?",{"text":86,"@type":78},"For cell viability, the most important descriptors were phytochemical type, its concentration, and the type of cell line. For predicting cell apoptosis, the primary phytochemical type was the most significant descriptor.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":53,"og:type":89,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":60,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":91,"canonical":53},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":94},[95,99,103,107,111,116,121,124,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":96,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":98},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":48,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":54,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":122,"slug":123},30,"research-report",{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":20,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]